Integrins: Moonlighting Proteins in Invadosome Formation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Integrins
3. Invadosomes
3.1. Podosomes and Their Related Functions
3.2. Integrin in Podosome
3.2.1. β1-Integrin in Podosomes
3.2.2. β2-Integrin in Podosomes
3.2.3. β3-Integrin in Podosomes
3.2.4. β4-Integrin in Podosomes
3.2.5. α-Integrin in Podosomes
3.3. Invadopodia and Their Related Functions
3.4. Integrins in Invadopodia
3.4.1. β1-Integrin in Invadopodia
3.4.2. β3-Integrin in Invadopodia
3.4.3. β8-Integrin in Invadopodia
3.4.4. α-Integrins Subunits in Invadopodia
4. Microenvironment Factors Associated with Invadosome Formation
4.1. ECM Compounds
4.1.1. Collagens
4.1.2. Fibrin and Fibrinogen
4.1.3. Laminins
4.2. ECM Properties
4.2.1. ECM Rigidity
4.2.2. Fiber Crosslinking
4.2.3. pH
4.2.4. Hypoxia
4.2.5. Protein Modification that Modulate Integrins and Invadosomes
4.3. Stromal Cells
5. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Podosome | Linear Invadosome | Invadopodia | |
---|---|---|---|
Cell type | Normal cells (Osteoclast, Macrophages, Fíbroblast, Dendritic cells, Smooth Muscle cells, Neurons, Endothelial and Embryonic cells) | Normal cells (Endothelial cells, Embryonic cells) Tumoral cells | Tumoral cells |
Number | High (≈200) | Low (≈3–10) | Low (≈4–30) |
Life-span | minutes | N.D. | hours |
Width | 0.5–2 μm | N.D. | 0.5–2 μm |
Length | 0.5–2 μm | N.D. | >2 μm |
Structure | Rosettes, clusters, individual | Linear structures over collagen fibers | Individual |
Function | Bone resorption/Angiogenesis/Immune response/Organogenesis/Cells Interactions-fusion/Signal Mechanotrasduction | * | Cancer Metastasis |
Tumor matrix degradation | |||
Stimuli Inductor | Growth factor/Adhesion/Traction Force/Rigidity | Collagen Fibers | * |
Signaling | SRC/ERK/PI3K/FAK/NOCH/Small GTPases | SRC independent CDC42 mediated | * |
Matrix anchoring | Adhesion Rings (β1/β3/α3β1/α5β1/α6β1/αVβ1 integrins/CD44) | DDR1 structure | Adhesion Rings or Not (β1 or β3/Endoglin/CD44 /DDR1) |
Matrix | Mineralized matrix/Collagens/Laminin/Fibronectin/vitronectin/Basement Membrane | Collagen fibers only | * |
Differential proteins detected | GRB2, Dinamin | Absence of integrins | NCK1, MENAinv, Twist, Fdg1 |
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Peláez, R.; Pariente, A.; Pérez-Sala, Á.; Larrayoz, I.M. Integrins: Moonlighting Proteins in Invadosome Formation. Cancers 2019, 11, 615. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050615
Peláez R, Pariente A, Pérez-Sala Á, Larrayoz IM. Integrins: Moonlighting Proteins in Invadosome Formation. Cancers. 2019; 11(5):615. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050615
Chicago/Turabian StylePeláez, Rafael, Ana Pariente, Álvaro Pérez-Sala, and Ignacio M. Larrayoz. 2019. "Integrins: Moonlighting Proteins in Invadosome Formation" Cancers 11, no. 5: 615. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050615