Developing Picornaviruses for Cancer Therapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Coxsackievirus
3. Poliovirus
4. Echoviruses
5. Bovine Enteroviruses
6. Seneca Valley Virus
7. Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus
8. Encephalomyocarditis Virus and Mengovirus
9. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Species | Genus | Intellectual Property | Engineered Properties | Stage in Development | Examples of Highest Phase Clinical Trials | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Herpes simplex virus | Herpesvirus | T-VEC® | Expressing Granulocyte Macrophage Colony- Stimulating Factor | US FDA Approved | Phase III T-VEC vs. combination therapy with Prembolizumab in melanoma NCT02263508 • Active Combination with Cisplatin and Radiotherapy for head and neck cancer NCT01161498 • Terminated | Phase III T-VEC vs. Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor in melanoma NCT00769704 • Completed Melanoma NCT01368276 • Completed |
Adenovirus | Mastadenovirus | Oncorine® | E1b 55k gene deletion | Approved (China) | Phase III Combination with Endostatin against Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer NCT02579564 • Completed | |
Adenovirus | Mastadenovirus | ONCOS-102® | Expressing Granulocyte Macrophage Colony- Stimulating Factor | Clinical trials (Phase I/II) | Phase II Combination with and Pemetrexed or Cisplatin in unresectable pleural mesothelemia NCT02879669 • Active Phase I/II Combination with DCVAC/Pc in metastatic prostate cancer NCT03514836 • Active | Phase I/II Combination with Durvalumab in advanced peritoneal malignancies NCT02963831 • Active Phase I Malignant solid tumours NCT01598129 • Completed |
Vaccinia virus | Orthopoxvirus | PexaVec®/JX594 | Expressing Granulocyte Macrophage Colony- Stimulating Factor and deletion of thymidine kinase | Clinical trials (Phase II/III) | Phase III Combination with Sorafenib vs. Sorafenib monotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma NCT02562755 • Active Phase II Unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma NCT01171651 • Completed | Phase II Combination with Metronomic Cyclophosphamide in breast cancer or soft tissue sarcoma NCT02630368 • Active Malignant melanoma NCT00429312 • Completed |
Measles virus | Morbillivirus | MV-NIS® | Encoding Human Thyroidal Sodium Iodide Importer | Clinical trials (Phase II) | Phase II Combination with Cyclophosphamide in refractory multiple myeloma NCT02192775 • Active MV-NIS vs. combination with Cyclophosphamide in treating with recurrent/refractory multiple myeloma NCT00450814 • Active | Phase II MV-NIS Vs. MV-NIS infected mesenchymal stem cells in recurrent ovarian cancer NCT02068794 • Active MV-NIS vs. chemotherapy in ovarian, fallopian or peritoneal cancer NCT02364713 • Active |
Reovirus | Orthoreovirus | Reolysin® | N/A | Clinical trials (Phase II/III) | Phase III Combination with Paclitaxel and Carboplatin in platinum refractory head and neck cancers NCT01166542 • Completed Phase II Advanced and metastatic breast cancer NCT01656538 • Completed | Phase II Bone and soft tissue sarcomas metastatic to the lung NCT00503925 • Completed Combination with Docetaxel and Prednisone vs. Doxitaxel and Prednisone in Prostate Cancer NCT01619813 • Completed |
Species | Genus | Receptor | Cellular Entry | Examples of Susceptible Cancers | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Coxsackievirus | Enterovirus | ICAM-1 & DAF (CVA21) CAR (CVB3) | [33] [53] | Receptor mediated endocytosis | Melanoma (CVA21) Multiple Myeloma (CVA21) Breast Cancer (CVA21) Bladder Cancer (CVA21) Endometrial Cancer (CVB3) | [34] [35] [36] [37] [53] |
Poliovirus | Enterovirus | Necl5/CD155/PVR | [55] | Receptor mediated endocytosis | Bone/Soft Tissue (LAPV) Neuroblastoma (A133G mono-cre PV) Glioma (PVSRIPO) Breast Cancer (PVSRIPO) Melanoma (PVSRIPO) | [56] [57] [58] [59] [60] |
Echovirus | Enterovirus | DAF (EV7) VLA-2 | [61] [62] | Receptor mediated endocytosis | Melanoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Adenocarcinoma Lung carcinoma Basal cell carcinoma | [63] [63] [63] [63] [63] |
Bovine Enterovirus | Enterovirus | HLA-DR (suggested) | [64] | Receptor mediated endocytosis | Leukaemia Soft tissue sarcoma | [64] [64] |
Seneca Valley Virus | Senecavirus | ANTXR1/TEM8 | [65] | Receptor mediated endocytosis | Medulloblastoma Retinoblastoma Glioma Glioblastoma Small Cell Lung Cancer | [66] [67] [68] [69] [70] |
Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis Virus | Cardiovirus | Sialic acid moeties | [71] | Receptor mediated endocytosis | Melanoma Breast Cancer | [71] [71] |
Encephalomyocarditis virus & Mengovirus | Cardiovirus | Sialoglycoprotein | [72] | Receptor mediated endocytosis | Renal Carcinoma (EMCV) Sarcoma (EMCV) Multiple Myeloma (MEV) | [73] [74] [75] |
Species | Genus | Intellectual Property | Stage in Development | Registered Clinical Trials * | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Poliovirus | Enterovirus | PVSRIPO | Clinical Trials (Phase I) | Triple Negative Breast Cancer NCT03564782 • Active Recurrent malignant glioma NCT02968178 • Active Unresectable melanoma NCT03712358 • Active | Recurrent malignant glioma in children NCT03043391 • Active Recurrent glioblastoma NCT01491893 • Active |
Coxsackievirus | Enterovirus | CAVATAK | Clinical Trials (Phase I/II) | Melanoma—Combination with pembolizumab NCT02565992 • Active Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer—Combination with mitomycin C NCT02316171 • Completed Advanced melanoma—Combination with ipilimumab NCT02307149 • Active Head and neck cancer NCT00832559 • Terminated Late-stage melanoma NCT01227551 NCT01636882 • Completed | Uveal melanoma—Combination with ipilimumab NCT03408587 • Active Melanoma NCT00438009 • Completed Solid tumours NCT00636558 • Completed Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer & Bladder Cancer—Combination with pembolizumab NCT02043665 • Active Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer—Combination with pembolizumab NCT02824965 • Active |
Echovirus | Enterovirus | Rigvir | Approved (Eastern Europe) | N/A | |
Bovine Enterovirus | Enterovirus | N/A | In vivo testing | N/A | |
Seneca Valley Virus | Senecavirus | NTX-010 | Clinical Trials (Phase II) | Paediatric Cancers—Combination with cyclophosphamide NCT01048892 • Completed Solid tumours with neuroendocrine features NCT00314925 • Completed | Extensive Stage Small-Cell Lung Cancer NCT01017601 • Terminated |
Theiler’s Murine Encephalomyelitis virus | Cardiovirus | N/A | In vivo testing | N/A | |
Encephalomyocarditis virus & Mengovirus | Cardiovirus | N/A | In vivo testing | N/A |
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McCarthy, C.; Jayawardena, N.; Burga, L.N.; Bostina, M. Developing Picornaviruses for Cancer Therapy. Cancers 2019, 11, 685. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050685
McCarthy C, Jayawardena N, Burga LN, Bostina M. Developing Picornaviruses for Cancer Therapy. Cancers. 2019; 11(5):685. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050685
Chicago/Turabian StyleMcCarthy, Cormac, Nadishka Jayawardena, Laura N. Burga, and Mihnea Bostina. 2019. "Developing Picornaviruses for Cancer Therapy" Cancers 11, no. 5: 685. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11050685