Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients under Cytotoxic Cancer Chemotherapy in Brazil
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Participants
2.2. Descriptive Data
2.3. Outcome Data
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Design
4.2. Participants and Data Collection
4.3. Variables Analyzed
4.4. Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | Non-Matched | Pair Matched | Standardized Mean Difference | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Active Chemo. n = 431 | Non-Active Chemo. n = 250 | p | Active Chemo. n = 246 | Non-Active Chemo. n = 246 | p | All | Region | Matched | |
Age | 0.0182 | 0.9893 | |||||||
<50 years | 121 (28.1) | 46 (18.4) | 49 (19.9) | 46 (18.7) | 0.23058 | 0.19103 | 0.02907 | ||
50 to 64 years | 172 (39.9) | 102 (40.8) | 99 (40.2) | 101 (41.1) | −0.01820 | −0.00805 | −0.01657 | ||
65 to 79 years | 122 (28.3) | 93 (37.2) | 89 (36.2) | 90 (36.6) | −0.19036 | −0.16575 | −0.00870 | ||
≥80 years | 16 (3.7) | 9 (3.6) | 9 (3.7) | 9 (3.7) | 0.00598 | 0.00661 | 0.00000 | ||
Sex | 0.1849 | 0.7183 | −0.10541 | −0.10407 | 0.03268 | ||||
Male | 186 (43.2) | 121 (48.4) | 122 (49.6) | 118 (48) | |||||
Female | 245 (56.8) | 129 (51.6) | 124 (50.4) | 128 (52) | |||||
Comorbidities | |||||||||
Heart Disease | 83 (19.3) | 60 (24) | 0.1430 | 60 (24.4) | 57 (23.2) | 0.7507 | −0.11538 | −0.08634 | 0.02967 |
Diabetes | 66 (15.3) | 38 (15.2) | 0.9684 | 38 (15.5) | 38 (15.5) | 1.0000 | 0.00315 | −0.00225 | 0.00000 |
Neurologic disease | 5 (1.2) | 8 (3.2) | 0.0608 | 5 (2) | 6 (2.4) | 0.7604 | −0.14003 | −0.08629 | −0.02790 |
Chronic lung disease | 17 (3.9) | 12 (4.8) | 0.5940 | 11 (4.5) | 12 (4.9) | 0.8309 | −0.04186 | −0.04203 | −0.01988 |
Nephropathy | 23 (5.3) | 16 (6.4) | 0.5648 | 15 (6.1) | 15 (6.1) | 1.0000 | −0.04526 | −0.02810 | 0.00000 |
Critical Presentation | 97 (22.5) | 61 (24.4) | 0.5724 | 59 (24) | 61 (24.8) | 0.8337 | −0.04472 | −0.05520 | −0.01919 |
Southeast | 281 (65.2) | 138 (55.2) | 0.0097 | 138 (56.1) | 137 (55.7) | 0.9277 | 0.20531 | 0.18656 | 0.00835 |
Clinical Stage | 0.0747 | 0.9835 | |||||||
I/II | 64 (14.9) | 42 (16.8) | 41 (16.7) | 42 (17.1) | 0.01846 | 0.02824 | −0.03477 | ||
III/IV | 272 (63.1) | 172 (68.8) | 170 (69.1) | 168 (68.3) | 0.12211 | 0.09351 | 0.00000 | ||
Unknown | 27 (6.3) | 7 (2.8) | 8 (3.3) | 7 (2.9) | −0.16690 | −0.14763 | −0.01958 | ||
Other | 68 (15.8) | 29 (11.6) | 27 (11) | 29 (11.8) | −0.12157 | −0.09036 | 0.02366 | ||
Mult. Drug Regimen | 237 (55) | 132 (52.8) | 0.5806 | 135 (54.9) | 130 (52.9) | 0.6511 | −0.04391 | −0.03066 | −0.04078 |
Drug Class | |||||||||
Anti-Metabolic | 169 (39.2) | 96 (38.4) | 0.8342 | 97 (39.4) | 94 (38.2) | 0.7814 | 0.01665 | 0.00663 | 0.02503 |
Microtubule inhib. | 153 (35.5) | 86 (34.4) | 0.7721 | 82 (33.3) | 84 (34.2) | 0.8488 | 0.02305 | 0.01766 | −0.01705 |
Alkylating | 115 (26.7) | 53 (21.2) | 0.1097 | 56 (22.8) | 53 (21.5) | 0.7447 | 0.12874 | 0.11029 | 0.02864 |
Cisplatin | 186 (43.2) | 127 (50.8) | 0.0537 | 127 (51.6) | 125 (50.8) | 0.8568 | −0.15362 | −0.14223 | 0.01634 |
Type 1 topois. inhib. | 36 (8.4) | 10 (4) | 0.0291 | 13 (5.3) | 10 (4.1) | 0.5217 | 0.18156 | 0.11641 | 0.05087 |
Type 2 topois. inhib. | 94 (21.8) | 40 (16) | 0.0660 | 40 (16.3) | 40 (16.3) | 1.0000 | 0.14879 | 0.11031 | 0.00000 |
Treatment | 0.0077 | 0.4682 | |||||||
Palliative 1st Line | 193 (44.8) | 105 (42) | 119 (48.4) | 103 (41.9) | −0.05602 | −0.07571 | −0.13108 | ||
Palliative 2nd Line | 36 (8.4) | 22 (8.8) | 16 (6.5) | 22 (8.9) | 0.01595 | 0.02385 | 0.08697 | ||
Hematological cancer | 111 (25.8) | 44 (17.6) | 41 (16.7) | 44 (17.9) | −0.25943 | −0.21717 | −0.02354 | ||
Neoadj./Definit./Adjuv. | 91 (21.1) | 79 (31.6) | 70 (28.5) | 77 (31.3) | 0.23933 | 0.22339 | 0.06494 | ||
Primary Site | 0.0694 | 0.9995 | |||||||
GI | 121 (28.1) | 78 (31.2) | 83 (33.7) | 78 (31.7) | −0.06849 | −0.08101 | 0.00894 | ||
Head and Neck | 18 (4.2) | 17 (6.8) | 15 (6.1) | 16 (6.5) | −0.11539 | −0.10312 | −0.01795 | ||
Lung | 30 (7) | 21 (8.4) | 17 (6.9) | 21 (8.5) | −0.05408 | −0.04458 | −0.04600 | ||
Others | 15 (3.5) | 14 (5.6) | 14 (5.7) | 12 (4.9) | −0.10195 | −0.06780 | 0.00000 | ||
Breast | 66 (15.3) | 24 (9.6) | 25 (10.2) | 24 (9.8) | 0.17366 | 0.16172 | 0.06203 | ||
Gynecological | 42 (9.7) | 33 (13.2) | 33 (13.4) | 32 (13) | −0.10858 | −0.10351 | −0.02565 | ||
Prostate | 9 (2.1) | 8 (3.2) | 7 (2.9) | 8 (3.3) | −0.06934 | −0.07311 | 0.00000 | ||
Cent. Nervous Syst. | 8 (1.9) | 4 (1.6) | 4 (1.6) | 4 (1.6) | 0.01966 | 0.01748 | 0.00000 | ||
Hematologic | 111 (25.8) | 44 (17.6) | 41 (16.7) | 44 (17.9) | 0.19887 | 0.19157 | 0.00995 | ||
Sarcomas | 11 (2.6) | 7 (2.8) | 7 (2.9) | 7 (2.9) | −0.01535 | −0.01853 | −0.02529 | ||
Logit Prop. Score | 0.57261 | 0.48064 | 0.06873 | ||||||
Outcome | 0.0141 | 0.3322 | |||||||
Hospital Discharge | 166 (38.5) | 73 (29.2) | 83 (33.9) | 73 (29.8) | |||||
Death | 265 (61.5) | 177 (70.8) | 162 (66.1) | 172 (70.2) |
Characteristic | Events/Number at Risk | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | p | OR (95% CI) | p | ||
Age | |||||
<65 years | 277/441 | Reference (A) | |||
≥65 years | 165/240 | 1.3 (0.93–1.82) | 0.1213 | ||
Sex | |||||
Male | 206/307 | Reference (B) | |||
Female | 236/374 | 0.84 (0.61–1.15) | 0.2768 | ||
Comorbidities | |||||
Heart Disease | 101/143 | 1.39 (0.93–2.07) | 0.1075 | ||
Diabetes | 70/104 | 1.14 (0.73–1.77) | 0.5771 | ||
Neurologic disease | 9/13 | 1.22 (0.37–4.01) | 0.7418 | ||
Chronic lung disease | 19/29 | 1.03 (0.47–2.25) | 0.9439 | ||
Nephropathy | 29/39 | 1.61 (0.77–3.36) | 0.2066 | ||
Southeast Brazilian Region | 261/419 | 0.74 (0.53–1.03) | 0.0712 | 0.74 (0.53–1.03) | 0.0777 |
Clinical Stage | |||||
I/II | 61/106 | Reference (C) | |||
III/IV | 293/444 | 1.43 (0.93–2.21) | 0.1039 | ||
Unknown | 21/34 | 1.19 (0.54–2.63) | 0.6642 | ||
Other | 67/97 | 1.65 (0.93–2.94) | 0.0903 | ||
Mult. Drug Regimen | 238/369 | 0.96 (0.7–1.32) | 0.8094 | ||
Drug Class | |||||
Anti-Metabolic | 175/265 | 1.09 (0.79–1.5) | 0.6210 | ||
Microtubule inhibitor | 154/239 | 0.97 (0.7–1.35) | 0.8501 | ||
Alkylating | 95/168 | 0.62 (0.44–0.89) | 0.0092 | ||
Cisplatin | 216/313 | 1.4 (1.02–1.92) | 0.0388 | ||
Type 1 topois. inhib. | 29/46 | 0.92 (0.49–1.71) | 0.7842 | ||
Type 2 topois. inhib. | 69/134 | 0.5 (0.34–0.73) | 0.0003 | 0.55 (0.36–0.85) | 0.0070 |
Chemotherapy setting | |||||
Neoadj./Definit./Adjuv. | 94/170 | Reference (D) | |||
Palliative 1st Line | 209/298 | 1.9 (1.28–2.81) | 0.0013 | 1.83 (1.22–2.74) | 0.0038 |
Palliative 2nd Line | 43/58 | 2.32 (1.2–4.49) | 0.0127 | 2.26 (1.15–4.45) | 0.0180 |
Hematological cancer | 96/155 | 1.32 (0.84–2.05) | 0.2253 | 1.68 (1.05–2.7) | 0.0310 |
Primary Site | |||||
GI | 126/199 | Reference (E) | |||
Head and Neck | 18/35 | 0.61 (0.3–1.26) | 0.1852 | ||
Lung | 38/51 | 1.69 (0.85–3.39) | 0.1360 | ||
Others | 25/29 | 3.62 (1.21–10.81) | 0.0212 | ||
Breast | 51/90 | 0.76 (0.46–1.26) | 0.2832 | ||
Gynecological | 55/75 | 1.59 (0.89–2.87) | 0.1201 | ||
Prostate | 13/17 | 1.88 (0.59–5.99) | 0.2838 | ||
Cent. Nervous Syst. | 7/12 | 0.81 (0.25–2.65) | 0.7288 | ||
Hematologic | 96/155 | 0.94 (0.61–1.46) | 0.7898 | ||
Sarcomas | 13/18 | 1.51 (0.52–4.4) | 0.4534 | ||
Active chemotherapy | 265/431 | 0.66 (0.47–0.92) | 0.0144 | 0.66 (0.46–0.93) | 0.0169 |
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Duarte, M.B.O.; Leal, F.; Argenton, J.L.P.; Carvalheira, J.B.C. Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients under Cytotoxic Cancer Chemotherapy in Brazil. Cancers 2020, 12, 3490. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123490
Duarte MBO, Leal F, Argenton JLP, Carvalheira JBC. Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients under Cytotoxic Cancer Chemotherapy in Brazil. Cancers. 2020; 12(12):3490. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123490
Chicago/Turabian StyleDuarte, Mateus Bringel Oliveira, Frederico Leal, Juliana Luz Passos Argenton, and José Barreto Campello Carvalheira. 2020. "Outcomes of COVID-19 Patients under Cytotoxic Cancer Chemotherapy in Brazil" Cancers 12, no. 12: 3490. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123490