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Review

MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas

by
Maria Gluud
1,
Andreas Willerslev-Olsen
1,
Lise Mette Rahbek Gjerdrum
2,3,
Lise M. Lindahl
4,
Terkild B. Buus
1,
Mads Hald Andersen
5,
Charlotte Menne Bonefeld
1,
Thorbjorn Krejsgaard
1,
Ivan V. Litvinov
6,
Lars Iversen
4,
Jürgen C. Becker
7,
Jenny L. Persson
8,
Sergei B. Koralov
9,
Thomas Litman
1,
Carsten Geisler
1,
Anders Woetmann
1 and
Niels Odum
1,*
1
LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
2
Department of Pathology, Zealand University Hospital, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
3
Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
4
Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, DK-8200 Aarhus, Denmark
5
Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT), Department of Hematology and Oncology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev Hospital, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
6
Division of Dermatology, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
7
Translational Skin Cancer Research, German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), University Hospital Essen and Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ), D-45141 Essen, Germany
8
Department of Molecular Biology, Umea University, 90187 Umea, Sweden
9
Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2020, 12(5), 1229; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051229
Submission received: 17 April 2020 / Revised: 8 May 2020 / Accepted: 10 May 2020 / Published: 13 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Coding RNAs as Emerging Regulators of Signalling Pathways and Novel Therapeutic Targets in Human Cancers)
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Abstract

Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) represents a heterogeneous group of potentially devastating primary skin malignancies. Despite decades of intense research efforts, the pathogenesis is still not fully understood. In the early stages, both clinical and histopathological diagnosis is often difficult due to the ability of CTCL to masquerade as benign skin inflammatory dermatoses. Due to a lack of reliable biomarkers, it is also difficult to predict which patients will respond to therapy or progress towards severe recalcitrant disease. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries concerning dysregulated microRNA (miR) expression and putative pathological roles of oncogenic and tumor suppressive miRs in CTCL. We also focus on the interplay between miRs, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and oncogenic signaling pathways in malignant T cells as well as the impact of miRs in shaping the inflammatory tumor microenvironment. We highlight the potential use of miRs as diagnostic and prognostic markers, as well as their potential as therapeutic targets. Finally, we propose that the combined use of miR-modulating compounds with epigenetic drugs may provide a novel avenue for boosting the clinical efficacy of existing anti-cancer therapies in CTCL.
Keywords: microRNA; miR; cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; CTCL; mycosis fungoides; cancer; tumor suppressor; oncogene; biomarker; targeted therapy microRNA; miR; cutaneous T-cell lymphoma; CTCL; mycosis fungoides; cancer; tumor suppressor; oncogene; biomarker; targeted therapy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Gluud, M.; Willerslev-Olsen, A.; Gjerdrum, L.M.R.; Lindahl, L.M.; Buus, T.B.; Andersen, M.H.; Bonefeld, C.M.; Krejsgaard, T.; Litvinov, I.V.; Iversen, L.; et al. MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas. Cancers 2020, 12, 1229. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051229

AMA Style

Gluud M, Willerslev-Olsen A, Gjerdrum LMR, Lindahl LM, Buus TB, Andersen MH, Bonefeld CM, Krejsgaard T, Litvinov IV, Iversen L, et al. MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas. Cancers. 2020; 12(5):1229. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051229

Chicago/Turabian Style

Gluud, Maria, Andreas Willerslev-Olsen, Lise Mette Rahbek Gjerdrum, Lise M. Lindahl, Terkild B. Buus, Mads Hald Andersen, Charlotte Menne Bonefeld, Thorbjorn Krejsgaard, Ivan V. Litvinov, Lars Iversen, and et al. 2020. "MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas" Cancers 12, no. 5: 1229. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051229

APA Style

Gluud, M., Willerslev-Olsen, A., Gjerdrum, L. M. R., Lindahl, L. M., Buus, T. B., Andersen, M. H., Bonefeld, C. M., Krejsgaard, T., Litvinov, I. V., Iversen, L., Becker, J. C., Persson, J. L., Koralov, S. B., Litman, T., Geisler, C., Woetmann, A., & Odum, N. (2020). MicroRNAs in the Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Prognosis and Targeted Treatment of Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas. Cancers, 12(5), 1229. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12051229

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