The Tumor Suppressor TGFBR3 Blocks Lymph Node Metastasis in Head and Neck Cancer
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Decreased TGFBR3 Expression in Oral Cancer Clinical Specimens
2.2. The Effects of TGFBR3 on Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Oral Cancer Cells
2.3. Ectopic TGFBR3 Expression Decreased Lymph Node Metastasis without Affecting Xenograft Tumor Growth
2.4. TGFBR3 Inhibits TGF-β1-Mediated Signal Transduction, Migration, and Invasion in Oral Cancer Cells
2.5. A Requirement of the Scaffolding Protein GIPC1 for TGFBR3-Mediated Inhibition of Migration and Invasion of SMAD4-Deficient Oral Cancer Cell
2.6. Suppressive Effect of Conditional Medium (CM) from TGFBR3-Expressing Cancer Cells on Cancer Cells, Fibroblasts, and Endothelial Cells (ECs)
2.7. Angiogenin (ANG) Is a Novel TGFBR3 Downstream Target that Mediates Its Tumor Suppression Activity
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
5. Materials and Methods
5.1. Reagents
5.2. Patient Specimens
5.3. Cell Culture
5.4. Human TGFBR3 Expression Construct
5.5. Gene Silencing
5.6. Xenograft Transplantation and Buccal Metastasis
5.7. Preparation of Conditioned Medium (CM)
5.8. Endothelial Tube Formation Assay
5.9. TGF-β1 and Drug Treatment
5.10. Cytokine Array
5.11. ANG ELISA Assay
5.12. Antibody Neutralization
5.13. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Share and Cite
Fang, W.-Y.; Kuo, Y.-Z.; Chang, J.-Y.; Hsiao, J.-R.; Kao, H.-Y.; Tsai, S.-T.; Wu, L.-W. The Tumor Suppressor TGFBR3 Blocks Lymph Node Metastasis in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers 2020, 12, 1375. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061375
Fang W-Y, Kuo Y-Z, Chang J-Y, Hsiao J-R, Kao H-Y, Tsai S-T, Wu L-W. The Tumor Suppressor TGFBR3 Blocks Lymph Node Metastasis in Head and Neck Cancer. Cancers. 2020; 12(6):1375. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061375
Chicago/Turabian StyleFang, Wei-Yu, Yi-Zih Kuo, Jang-Yang Chang, Jenn-Ren Hsiao, Hung-Ying Kao, Sen-Tien Tsai, and Li-Wha Wu. 2020. "The Tumor Suppressor TGFBR3 Blocks Lymph Node Metastasis in Head and Neck Cancer" Cancers 12, no. 6: 1375. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12061375