Zoledronic Acid Abrogates Restraint Stress-Induced Macrophage Infiltration, PDGF-AA Expression, and Ovarian Cancer Growth
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Adrenergic Stimuli Increase Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Production
2.2. Gene Ontology Biological Process and KEGG Pathway Enrichment Analyses of Differentially Expressed Cytokines
2.3. Zoledronic Acid Abrogates Restraint Stress-Induced Macrophage Infiltration, PDGF-AA Expression and Tumor Growth in Orthotopic Mouse Models of Ovarian Cancer
2.4. Elevated Expression of PDGFA Correlates with Poor Outcome in Ovarian Cancer Patients
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Cell Lines, Treatments, and Co-Culture System
4.2. Cytokine Arrays
4.3. Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) Network Construction
4.4. Animal Experiments
4.5. Immunohistochemistry
4.6. ELISA
4.7. Kaplan–Meier Survival Analysis
4.8. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
DAB | 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine |
Epi | epinephrine |
NE | norepinephrine |
ZA | zoledronic acid |
hrs | hours |
BAFF | B-cell activating factor |
ENA-78 | epithelial cell-derived neutrophil-activating peptide |
GM-CSF | granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
GO | gene ontology |
HR | hazard ratio |
HPF | high-power field |
IL | interleukin |
MIF | macrophage migration inhibitory factor |
OS | overall survival |
PDGF-AA | platelet-derived growth factor AA |
PFS | progression-free survival |
TAMs | tumor-associated macrophages |
TfR | transferrin receptor |
VEGF | vascular endothelial growth factor |
PPI | protein-protein interaction |
KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
TNF | tumor necrosis factor |
STRING | Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins |
KM | Kaplan–Meier |
MMP | matrix metalloprotein |
PMA | phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate |
MeV | Multiexperiment viewer |
IHC | immunohistochemistry |
CI | confidence interval |
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Colon-Echevarria, C.B.; Ortiz, T.; Maldonado, L.; Hidalgo-Vargas, M.J.; Pérez-Morales, J.; Aquino-Acevedo, A.N.; Herrera-Noriega, R.; Bonilla-Claudio, M.; Castro, E.M.; Armaiz-Pena, G.N. Zoledronic Acid Abrogates Restraint Stress-Induced Macrophage Infiltration, PDGF-AA Expression, and Ovarian Cancer Growth. Cancers 2020, 12, 2671. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12092671
Colon-Echevarria CB, Ortiz T, Maldonado L, Hidalgo-Vargas MJ, Pérez-Morales J, Aquino-Acevedo AN, Herrera-Noriega R, Bonilla-Claudio M, Castro EM, Armaiz-Pena GN. Zoledronic Acid Abrogates Restraint Stress-Induced Macrophage Infiltration, PDGF-AA Expression, and Ovarian Cancer Growth. Cancers. 2020; 12(9):2671. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12092671
Chicago/Turabian StyleColon-Echevarria, Claudia B., Tatiana Ortiz, Lizette Maldonado, Melanie J. Hidalgo-Vargas, Jaileene Pérez-Morales, Alexandra N. Aquino-Acevedo, Roberto Herrera-Noriega, Margarita Bonilla-Claudio, Eida M. Castro, and Guillermo N. Armaiz-Pena. 2020. "Zoledronic Acid Abrogates Restraint Stress-Induced Macrophage Infiltration, PDGF-AA Expression, and Ovarian Cancer Growth" Cancers 12, no. 9: 2671. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12092671