The Individual Effects of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors on Head and Neck Cancer Cells—A Systematic Analysis
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. CDKi Treatment Impairs Viability and Exerts Synergistic Effects in Combination Therapy
2.2. CDKi’s Induce Apoptotic and Necrotic Cell Death and Mediate Calreticulin Translocation
2.3. CDKi Induce Cell Cyclce Arrest
2.4. CDKi’s Have Minor Impact on Double-Strand Breaks and Radiosensitivity
2.5. CDKi’s Remodel the Actin Filament
2.6. Influence on Mitochondria, Lysosomes, the Endoplasmatic Reticulum and Vacuole Formation
2.6.1. CDKi’s Reduce Invasiveness and Migratory Potential
2.6.2. In Vivo Results
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Tumor Cell Lines and Culture Conditions
4.2. Cytostatic Drugs and Targeted Substances
4.3. Dose Response Curves and Combination Therapy
4.4. γ-H2AX Staining
4.5. Apoptosis-Necrosis Assay, Phenotyping, and Immunogenic Cell Death
4.6. Cell Cycle Assay
4.7. Influence on Mitochondria, Lysosomes, ER, and Vacuole Formation
4.8. Senescence
4.9. Impedance Measurement and Actin Staining
4.10. Wound Healing and Invasion Assay
4.11. In Vivo Study
4.11.1. Ethical Statement
4.11.2. Experimental Protocol
4.12. Statistics
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Schoenwaelder, N.; Salewski, I.; Engel, N.; Krause, M.; Schneider, B.; Müller, M.; Riess, C.; Lemcke, H.; Skorska, A.; Grosse-Thie, C.; et al. The Individual Effects of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors on Head and Neck Cancer Cells—A Systematic Analysis. Cancers 2021, 13, 2396. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102396
Schoenwaelder N, Salewski I, Engel N, Krause M, Schneider B, Müller M, Riess C, Lemcke H, Skorska A, Grosse-Thie C, et al. The Individual Effects of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors on Head and Neck Cancer Cells—A Systematic Analysis. Cancers. 2021; 13(10):2396. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102396
Chicago/Turabian StyleSchoenwaelder, Nina, Inken Salewski, Nadja Engel, Mareike Krause, Björn Schneider, Michael Müller, Christin Riess, Heiko Lemcke, Anna Skorska, Christina Grosse-Thie, and et al. 2021. "The Individual Effects of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitors on Head and Neck Cancer Cells—A Systematic Analysis" Cancers 13, no. 10: 2396. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102396