Comparison of the Clinical Features and Outcomes of Gallbladder Neuroendocrine Carcinoma with Those of Adenocarcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Pathological Classification and Staging
2.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Features of GB-NENs
3.2. Histopathological Features and Staging
3.3. Treatments and Clinical Outcomes
3.4. Propensity Score Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Median (Range) or n (%) |
---|---|
Age, years, median (range) | 62.0 (31–84) |
Sex, n (%) | |
Male | 11 (52.4) |
Female | 10 (47.6) |
Clinical symptom, n (%) | |
Abdominal discomfort | 18 (85.8) |
Jaundice | 6 (28.6) |
Weight loss | 4 (19.0) |
Pruritus | 1 (4.8) |
Tumor marker, median (range) | |
CA19-9 (U/mL) | 22.6 (0.6–696.7) |
CEA (ng/mL) | 2.2 (0.5–1265.3) |
NEN classification, n (%) | |
NEC, small-cell type | 20 (95.2) |
NEC, large-cell type | 1 (4.8) |
Differentiated degree, n (%) | |
Grade 1/2 | 0/0 |
Grade 3 | 21 (100) |
Ki-67 index, n (%) | |
>20 | 17 (81.0) |
Unknown | 4 (19.0) |
Immunohistochemical stain, n (%) | |
CgA | 17 (81.0) |
Syn | 18 (85.7) |
NSE (test in 1 case) | 1 (100) |
CD56 (test in 15 cases) | 11 (73.3) |
TNM stage, n (%) | |
IIIB | 6 (28.6) |
IVA | 1 (4.8) |
IVB | 14 (66.7) |
Distant metastasis, n (%) | 13 (61.9) |
Liver | 11 |
Bone | 1 |
Peritoneum | 1 |
Ovary | 1 |
Lt. subclavian lymph node | 1 |
Operation, n (%) | 9 (42.9) |
Curative | 7 |
Palliative | 2 |
Chemotherapy, n (%) | 15 (71.4) |
Variables | before PS Matching | after PS Matching | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
GB-NEC (n = 21) | GB-ADC (n = 206) | Standardized Difference | p-Value | GB-NEC (n = 19) | GB-ADC (n = 19) | Standardized Difference | p-Value | |
Age, years, mean (SD) | 64.2 ± 14.3 | 65.0 ± 11.1 | 0.059 | 0.774 | 64.6 ± 15.1 | 63.1 ± 13.8 | −0.102 | 0.755 |
Sex, n (%) | 0.471 | 0.746 | ||||||
Male | 11 (52.4) | 91(44.2) | −0.165 | 9 (47.4) | 10 (52.6) | 0.105 | ||
Female | 10 (47.6) | 115 (55.8) | 0.165 | 10 (52.6) | 9 (47.4) | −0.105 | ||
TNM stage, n (%) | 0.011 | >0.999 | ||||||
I | 0 (0.0) | 17 (8.3) | 0.424 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.000 | ||
II | 0 (0.0) | 32 (15.5) | 0.606 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.000 | ||
IIIa | 0 (0.0) | 10 (4.9) | 0.319 | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0.000 | ||
IIIb | 6 (28.6) | 15 (7.3) | −0.578 | 4 (21.1) | 4 (21.1) | 0.000 | ||
IVa | 1 (4.8) | 6 (2.9) | −0.096 | 1 (5.3) | 2 (10.5) | 0.196 | ||
IVb | 14 (66.7) | 126 (61.2) | −0.115 | 14 (73.7) | 13 (68.4) | −0.116 | ||
Operation, n (%) | 9 (42.9) | 115 (55.8) | 0.262 | 0.255 | 7 (36.8) | 9 (47.4) | 0.214 | 0.511 |
Chemotherapy, n (%) | 15 (71.4) | 141 (68.4) | −0.065 | 0.779 | 13 (68.4) | 14 (73.7) | 0.116 | 0.721 |
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Do, M.-Y.; Jang, S.-I.; Kang, H.-P.; Kim, E.-J.; Lee, K.-J.; Park, G.-E.; Lee, S.-J.; Lee, D.-K.; Woo, S.-M.; Cho, J.-H. Comparison of the Clinical Features and Outcomes of Gallbladder Neuroendocrine Carcinoma with Those of Adenocarcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. Cancers 2021, 13, 4713. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13184713
Do M-Y, Jang S-I, Kang H-P, Kim E-J, Lee K-J, Park G-E, Lee S-J, Lee D-K, Woo S-M, Cho J-H. Comparison of the Clinical Features and Outcomes of Gallbladder Neuroendocrine Carcinoma with Those of Adenocarcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis. Cancers. 2021; 13(18):4713. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13184713
Chicago/Turabian StyleDo, Min-Young, Sung-Ill Jang, Hua-Pyong Kang, Eui-Joo Kim, Kyong-Joo Lee, Go-Eun Park, Su-Jee Lee, Dong-Ki Lee, Sang-Myung Woo, and Jae-Hee Cho. 2021. "Comparison of the Clinical Features and Outcomes of Gallbladder Neuroendocrine Carcinoma with Those of Adenocarcinoma: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis" Cancers 13, no. 18: 4713. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13184713