Search Results (2,815)

Phthalates (PAEs) are ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), but their association with early pregnancy loss (gestational age ≤ 12 weeks) remains controversial. This study enrolled pregnant women aged 20–45 years in Zunyi City, China, and included 107 cases and 349 controls following propensity score matching. Logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR), and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression were employed to investigate associations between urinary phthalate metabolites and early pregnancy loss. We found that monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), monooctyl phthalate (MOP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), and mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP) were associated with spontaneous abortion in early pregnancy, with corresponding odds ratios (ORs; 95% confidence intervals [CIs]) of 1.62 (1.26–2.09), 1.49 (1.07–2.09), 1.64 (1.26–2.12), 1.78 (1.27–2.50), 2.63 (1.90–3.64), 1.41 (1.11–1.79), and 5.39 (3.53–8.25). Non-linear dose–response relationships were observed between exposure to MMP, MEP, MEHP, MOP, monobenzyl phthalate (MBZP), MEOHP, MEHHP, and mono-(3-carboxypropyl) phthalate (MECPP) and early pregnancy loss (non-linear p < 0.05; overall p < 0.05). Co-exposure to multiple phthalate metabolites was also linked to a significantly non-linear elevation in the risk of early pregnancy loss (OR; 95% confidence interval [CI]) of 1.92 (1.76–2.15). Among these metabolites, MMP, MOP, MEOHP, and MECPP make the largest contribution to the correlation. In summary, our findings indicate that exposure to phthalate esters during early pregnancy is associated with early pregnancy loss, with MMP, MOP, MEOHP, and MECPP as the primary contributors. However, these results are based on a single urine sample, and caution is warranted when interpreting the findings. Full article

Background and Aim: Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) is a negative prognostic factor for gastric cancer, but detection limitations hinder its clinical utility and subtype analysis. This study aimed to explore the predictive value of LVI and its subtypes in the prognosis and recurrence patterns of gastric cancer using our enhanced detection method. Methods: We reviewed 2057 patients who underwent gastrectomy in 2018, of whom 1073 met the inclusion criteria. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance baseline clinicopathological characteristics. Results: After PSM, 311 patients were assigned to the LVI+ group and 311 to the LVI- group. The LVI+ group demonstrated a poorer prognosis. Subtype analysis revealed that lymphatic invasion (LI), but not venous invasion (VI), was associated with poor prognosis in the matched cohort. Stratified by pathological tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) stage, LVI+ and LI+ patients had worse prognosis in Stages I and III, while VI+ patients had worse prognosis in Stage III. Stratified by lymph node status, LVI+ predicted poorer prognosis in both node-negative (N0) and node-positive (N+) patients, and LI+ was also associated with worse prognosis among N+ patients, whereas VI+ was not significantly associated with prognosis in either subgroup. Recurrence analysis indicated that LVI+ was associated with distant and peritoneal metastases, whereas LI+ was associated with local recurrence, distant and peritoneal metastases. Conclusions: Lymphovascular invasion was associated with adverse prognosis in resectable gastric cancer, with lymphatic invasion showing a stronger prognostic impact than venous invasion. These findings indicate that refined assessment of lymphovascular invasion may complement conventional TNM staging in postoperative risk stratification. Full article

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been associated with increased psychological distress globally. However, the independent psychological impact of prior COVID-19 infection remains heterogeneous, particularly in primary healthcare populations. This study aimed to examine differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms between individuals with and without a history of COVID-19 infection in a primary healthcare setting. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in April 2022 in five family medicine practices in the primary health care facility of Sarajevo Canton. A total of 279 participants without previously diagnosed mental disorders completed an online questionnaire. Anxiety and depressive symptoms were assessed using the GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales. Multivariable regression models were performed, and propensity score matching (1:1 nearest-neighbor matching, caliper = 0.2) was conducted to address baseline imbalance. Results: No statistically significant independent association was detected between prior COVID-19 infection and anxiety or depressive symptoms in multivariable models. Propensity score matching yielded 84 well-balanced pairs. In the matched sample, no significant differences were observed in GAD-7 (p = 0.229) or PHQ-9 scores (p = 0.139), nor in clinically relevant cut-offs. Female sex and chronic disease were independently associated with higher anxiety levels. Conclusions: In this primary healthcare population, we did not observe an independent association between prior COVID-19 infection and anxiety or depressive symptoms after covariate adjustment and propensity score matching. These findings should be interpreted cautiously given the cross-sectional design, possible exposure misclassification, and residual confounding. Full article

Although males typically outperform women on spatial tasks, we investigated whether structured training with 3D-printed heart models substantially reduces performance differences in echocardiographic education. A total of 144 medical students (95 female, 49 male) were enrolled in an interventional study via propensity score matching (n = 80: 40 female, 40 male). They received standardized echocardiography training with physical 3D models, tutoring, PowerPoint instruction, and self-directed practice. All measured outcomes showed significant improvements (p < 0.001) but no sex-related differences: 2D visualization (females: +2.30; males: +2.55; p = 0.738), 3D visualization (females: +3.52; males: +3.23; p = 0.661), and visual thinking (females: +5.83; males: +5.78; p = 0.961). Notably, females required more time before and after the intervention (post-test: f: $13.12\pm 3.87$ min vs. m: $10.69\pm 3.86$; p = 0.006) and rated spatial tasks as more difficult (f: $4.2\pm 0.85$ vs. m: $3.62\pm 1.14$; p = 0.0016). Yet they achieved identical objective results. Both groups rated the 3D models as highly effective (4.65 ± 0.86). These findings demonstrate that multi-modal anatomy training with physical 3D-printed models narrows sex differences in spatial learning outcomes and enables equitable development of anatomical visualization skills through appropriate educational scaffolding. However, process-related differences remain. Full article

Background: Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is increasingly employed in patients with hemorrhagic shock and cardiovascular collapse; however, its impact on mortality remains controversial. Differences in geographic regions and patient populations may influence clinical outcomes. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies comparing mortality between patients receiving REBOA and those managed without REBOA. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. Subgroup analyses were performed according to propensity score (PS) matching, trauma versus non-trauma populations, and geographic regions. Results: A total of 10 studies involving 18,611 patients were included. Overall, REBOA was not associated with a significant reduction in mortality compared with non-REBOA (pooled OR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.19–1.39, p = 0.19). In PS-matched studies, the pooled OR was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.34–1.98, p = 0.66), whereas in non-PS-matched studies it was 0.40 (95% CI: 0.12–1.26, p = 0.12). Geographic analyses revealed no significant mortality benefit in either Western studies (OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.12–1.89; p = 0.29) or non-Western studies (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.11–3.38; p = 0.56). No survival benefit was observed among trauma patients (OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.20–1.61; p = 0.29), whereas a significant reduction in mortality was observed in non-trauma patients (OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.05–0.88; p = 0.03). Conclusions: In this systematic review and meta-analysis, REBOA was not associated with a significant reduction in mortality in the overall population or in trauma patients. However, in a single small non-trauma study (n = 53), REBOA was associated with significantly reduced mortality; this finding is exploratory and requires confirmation in larger prospective studies. These findings suggest that the clinical benefit of REBOA may depend on patient population and underlying etiology of hemorrhage. Full article

Background: Safety profiles of advanced therapies (ATs) for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be underestimated in clinical trials due to low event rates and heterogeneous adverse events (AEs). Methods: Using Korean nationwide claims data (2012–2022), incident IBD patients were identified and classified into AT and non-AT groups. After:1 propensity score matching, risks of tuberculosis (TB), herpes zoster (HZ), and bowel malignancy as primary AEs, and anxiety/depression as secondary AEs, were evaluated. Results: After matching, 11,205 patients were included in each group. Overall AT use was not associated with a significant increase in TB risk compared with non-AT therapy (hazard ratio [HR] 1.2; p = 0.335), whereas anti–TNF biologics showed higher TB risk (HR 2.0; incidence rate [IR] 100.2 vs. 65.4 per 10⁵ person year [PY]; p < 0.001). AT use was associated with a modestly increased risk of HZ (HR 1.4; IR 2165.8 vs. 2151.3 per 10⁵ PY; p < 0.001), with the highest incidence in small-molecule agents (HR 2.0; IR 4134.2 per 10⁵ PY). The risk of bowel malignancy did not differ between AT and non-AT groups (HR 1.2; p = 0.475). Both anti–TNF and non–anti-TNF biologics were associated with reduced risk of anxiety/depression compared with non-AT therapy (both HR 0.8; p < 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively). Conclusions: Overall AT use was not associated with an increased risk of TB, whereas anti–TNF biologics were associated with a higher risk of TB. AT use was also associated with an increased risk of HZ, particularly with small-molecule agents, and a lower risk of anxiety/depression. Full article

Background/Objectives: Completion of perioperative systemic therapy is essential for improving survival in patients with locally advanced gastric adenocarcinoma; however, many patients do not receive planned adjuvant therapy because of surgical complications or inadequate recovery. Robotic gastrectomy may improve postoperative recovery and facilitate adjuvant therapy delivery, but contemporary national data remain limited. This study evaluated the association between surgical approach and adjuvant systemic therapy utilization. Methods: Adults with non-metastatic, locally advanced (>pT2N0 or received neoadjuvant chemotherapy) gastric adenocarcinoma who underwent gastrectomy from 2016 to 2021 were identified from the National Cancer Database. Patients who met the criteria for adjuvant systemic therapy were included. Propensity score matching was performed to compare robotic gastrectomy (RG) with laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) and open gastrectomy (OG). The primary outcome was receipt of adjuvant systemic therapy (ASTx). The secondary outcomes included days from surgery to ASTx initiation, perioperative outcomes, oncologic quality metrics, and overall survival. Results: Among 5853 eligible patients, 17.8% underwent RG. After propensity score matching, ASTx utilization was similar between RG and LG (43.6% vs. 43.9%, p = 0.946) and between RG and OG (44.5% vs. 48.0%, p = 0.144), with no differences in days from surgery to ASTx initiation. Compared with LG, RG was associated with higher R0 resection rates but higher unplanned 30-day readmission rates. Compared with OG, RG was associated with higher R0 resection rates, greater regional lymph node examination, shorter length of stay, and lower 90-day mortality rates. Overall survival rates did not significantly differ between approaches. Conclusions: In this contemporary national analysis, RG did not result in improved delivery or timing of adjuvant systemic therapy despite favorable perioperative outcomes. These findings suggest that considering surgical approach alone is insufficient to address barriers to completion of multimodality therapy in gastric cancer. Full article

Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate whether medical recommendation of Angocin^® Anti-Infekt N (hereafter referred to as Angocin^®) on the day of diagnosis of an acute upper respiratory tract infection (aURTI) or acute sinusitis (AS) is negatively associated with a recurrence of these diagnoses, incidence of antibiotic prescriptions, incidence of chronic sinusitis, nasal polyps, or sick leave duration. Methods: This retrospective cohort study utilized the IQVIA^TM Disease Analyzer database and included patients by general practitioners with at least one diagnosis of aURTI or AS from 2005 to 2024 and a prescription of Angocin^®, nasal medications (xylometazoline, oxymetazoline) and mucolytics (ambroxol or acetylcysteine), other phytopharmaceutical drugs, or antibiotics on the day of diagnosis. Patients who received Angocin^® were matched separately to each of the three comparison cohorts in a 1:5 ratio using a nearest-neighbor propensity score approach. The relationship between Angocin^® prescription and the risks of a recurrence, subsequent antibiotic use or progression to chronic disease was then estimated with Cox proportional hazard models. To examine whether Angocin^® exposure was associated with the length of sick leave, univariable conditional logistic regression was applied. Results: A total of 3501 Angocin^® patients and 17,505 patients in each further cohort were investigated. Angocin^® prescription was associated with a significantly lower incidence of a newly diagnosed aURTI/AS as compared to other phytopharmaceuticals (Hazard ratio (HR): 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68–0.86), nasal medications and mucolytics (HR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.71–0.88), or antibiotics (HR: 0.85; 95% CI: 0.77–0.95). In addition, there was a significantly lower incidence of subsequent further prescriptions of antibiotics when compared to other phytopharmaceuticals (HR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.82–0.99), nasal medications and mucolytics (HR: 0.87 (95%; CI: 0.80–0.95), or antibiotics (HR: 0.62; 95% CI: 0.57–0.67). Furthermore, Angocin^® was associated with the most advantageous pattern of work absence across all time periods examined. Conclusions: Considering the limitations of the study, the results cast a positive light on Angocin^® prescription in the management of aURTI/AS, particularly with regard to recurrence rates, subsequent antibiotic prescriptions, and sick leave duration. Full article

Background and Objectives: The benefits of prophylactic supraclavicular lymph node dissection for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain controversial. This study investigated whether prophylactic supraclavicular (cervical) lymphadenectomy improves the long-term outcomes of patients with upper or middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Methods: This retrospective, single-center study included 290 patients who underwent thoracoscopic esophagectomy between January 2010 and December 2017. Patients treated with two-field lymphadenectomy (2FL) were compared with those who underwent prophylactic three-field lymphadenectomy (p3FL) after propensity score matching based on age, tumor location, clinical T and N stage, and preoperative treatment. The primary outcome was overall survival (OS), and secondary outcomes included postoperative complications and recurrence patterns. In a secondary analysis, the long-term outcomes were assessed in patients with solitary postoperative cervical (supraclavicular) lymph node recurrence in the 2FL group. Results: In the overall cohort, statistically significant differences were observed between the groups with respect to age, tumor location (p = 0.0002), cT and cN stages (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.0001), preoperative treatment (p = 0.02). No significant differences were observed between groups regarding age, organ for reconstruction, or postoperative complications. After propensity score matching, no significant differences were observed between the 2FL and p3FL groups in terms of overall survival or postoperative complications. Six patients (4.4%) in the p3FL group had pathologically confirmed supraclavicular lymph node metastasis, whereas four patients (2.6%) in the 2FL group developed solitary postoperative cervical lymph node recurrence. Patients with isolated cervical recurrence achieved favorable long-term survival following additional treatment. Conclusions: Prophylactic cervical lymphadenectomy did not improve the survival of patients with upper or middle thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Given the low incidence of isolated cervical lymph node recurrence and the favorable outcomes achievable with additional treatment, routine prophylactic supraclavicular dissection appears unnecessary when two-field lymphadenectomy is feasible. Full article

This study examines whether China’s Intelligent Manufacturing Demonstration Projects (IMDPs, 2015–2018) can improve firms’ environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance and thereby strengthen the quality of green transformation in manufacturing. Exploiting the staggered rollout of IMDPs as a quasi-natural experiment, we combine propensity score matching with a multi-period difference-in-differences design using panel data on Chinese listed manufacturing firms from 2009 to 2022. We find that IMDP participation increases ESG ratings by approximately 0.14 rating levels relative to comparable non-participating firms. Mechanism analyses suggest that the effect operates through higher innovation efficiency and improved cost management, consistent with a channel of capability upgrading and resource reallocation toward sustainability-related activities. The effect is stronger for firms under intense competitive pressure, at the growth stage, and in capital-scarce industries, indicating that industrial policy can be particularly valuable where market frictions constrain green investment. Importantly, we go beyond ESG scores by constructing measures of greenwashing and ESG rating uncertainty, and show that IMDPs reduce greenwashing and lower ESG uncertainty. These results imply that intelligent manufacturing policies can generate economically meaningful benefits by improving firms’ sustainability performance and the credibility of ESG information, which are central to capital allocation and the effectiveness of green governance. Full article

Introduction: Diabetic gastroparesis increases the risk of aspiration, pneumonia, and sepsis, yet the impact of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) on these outcomes is uncertain because of their gastric-emptying effects. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Global Research Network. Adults (≥18 years) with diabetes mellitus and gastroparesis were identified and divided into two cohorts based on GLP-1 RA exposure. Propensity score matching (1:1) balanced demographics, comorbidities, and antidiabetic medications, yielding 23,371 patients per cohort. Outcomes, assessed from 180 days after index, included pneumonia, pneumonitis, mechanical ventilation, ventilator-associated pneumonia, sepsis, bacteremia, empyema, lung abscess, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and need for enteral feeding. Risk ratios (RRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated. Results: Compared with GLP-1 users, non-GLP-1 patients had higher incidences of pneumonitis (3.6% vs. 2.5%; HR 1.76, 95% CI 1.58–1.95), pneumonia (13.2% vs. 12.2%; HR 1.34, 95% CI 1.27–1.41), mechanical ventilation (4.4% vs. 3.3%; HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.49–1.79), sepsis (12.8% vs. 11.1%; HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.37–1.52), and bacteremia (5.2% vs. 4.4%; HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.35–1.59) (all p < 0.001). Empyema and ARDS were also numerically lower among GLP-1 users, while ventilator-associated pneumonia and lung abscess were rare and similar between groups. No patients required percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy or nasal enteral feeding. Conclusions: In patients with diabetes and gastroparesis, GLP-1 RA therapy was associated with significantly fewer pulmonary and systemic infectious complications. These data suggest that the systemic benefits of GLP-1 RAs may outweigh concerns regarding delayed gastric emptying in this high-risk population. Full article

Background/Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate whether preoperative intra-articular corticosteroid injections (CSIs) are associated with an increased risk of reoperation following matrix-associated or autologous chondrocyte implantation (MACI/ACI). Secondary aims included comparing reoperation-free survival, patient-reported outcomes (PROMs), and patient acceptable symptom state (PASS) achievement. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on adults undergoing primary MACI/ACI between 2011 and 2023 at a single academic institution. Patients with documented CSI status and ≥2 years of follow-up were included. Exclusion criteria were prior MACI/ACI, osteochondral allograft transplantation, multi-ligament reconstruction, or inadequate follow-up. Propensity score matching (2:1, no steroid/steroid) based on age, sex, BMI, laterality, procedure type, and prior surgery yielded 138 matched patients (92 no steroid, 48 steroid). The primary outcome was ipsilateral reoperation, analyzed as a binary outcome, with Kaplan–Meier reoperation-free survival and restricted mean survival time (RMST). PROMs and PASS achievement were also assessed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: Baseline characteristics and follow-up (6.55 ± 3.74 vs. 6.73 ± 3.99 years; p = 0.80) were similar. Graft failure rates were identical (4.3% each; p = 1.00). Reoperation occurred in 21.7% of patients without CSI and 23.9% with CSI (p = 0.83). CSI was not associated with reoperation (adjusted OR 2.28; 95% CI 0.54–9.95; p = 0.26). No significant difference in reoperation-free survival or PROMs was observed. Conclusions: Preoperative intra-articular corticosteroid injections were not associated with increased reoperation risk, inferior reoperation-free survival, or worse functional outcomes following MACI/ACI. Full article

Background: The role of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains controversial because of concerns regarding oncologic adequacy, particularly margin status. While robotic-assisted hepatectomy has gained adoption, its true perioperative advantages over conventional laparoscopy and open surgery remain unclear. SIMMILR-5 was designed to evaluate the short-term outcomes of open, laparoscopic, and tele-robotic laparoscopic hepatectomy for HCC using rigorous adjustment for confounding. Methods: A retrospective international multicenter study was conducted including patients undergoing liver resection for HCC between June 2004 and November 2024 at five high-volume hepatobiliary centers. Surgical approaches included open (O), conventional laparoscopy (L), and tele-robotic laparoscopy (TRL). Propensity score matching was performed using demographic, clinical, and tumor-related variables. The primary endpoint was short-term mortality (30 and 90 days). Secondary outcomes included estimated blood loss (EBL), operative time, length of stay (LOS), R0 resection status, and major complications. Results: A total of 904 patients were identified (302 O, 568 L, 34 TRL). After matching, conventional laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower EBL, shorter operative time, and shorter LOS compared with open surgery (all p < 0.00001). Compared with open surgery, TRL was associated with lower EBL but no improvement in operative time or LOS. Compared with laparoscopy, TRL was associated with longer operative time and longer LOS. Short-term oncologic surrogates were comparable across approaches. Conclusions: Minimally invasive hepatectomy offers perioperative advantages over open surgery for selected patients with HCC, driven primarily by conventional laparoscopy. Tele-robotic hepatectomy is feasible and safe in experienced centers but does not demonstrate superiority over advanced laparoscopic techniques. Full article

Background: Red blood cell distribution width (RDW) is an accessible prognostic biomarker in cardiovascular disease, but its independent association with clinical outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains incompletely characterized, particularly regarding its prognostic value independent of anemia status. Methods: Using the TriNetX US Collaborative Network (70 healthcare organizations; >105 million patients), we identified 84,811 adult AMI patients who underwent PCI between January 2019 and December 2023 and had RDW measured on the index date. Patients were stratified by RDW ≥ 13.5% (high) versus <13.5% (low) and matched 1:1 using propensity scores based on 38 baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality, assessed using a 30-day landmark approach. Secondary outcomes included major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), heart failure, cardiogenic shock, recurrent AMI, cerebrovascular accident, ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation, and cardiac arrhythmia. Results: After matching (32,010 pairs), high RDW was significantly associated with increased 1-year all-cause mortality (HR 1.77, 95% CI 1.62–1.93, p < 0.001). High RDW was also associated with greater risks of MACE (HR 1.12), heart failure (HR 1.24), cardiogenic shock (HR 1.26), recurrent AMI (HR 1.11), cerebrovascular accident (HR 1.16), and cardiac arrhythmia (HR 1.14; all p < 0.01). Findings remained consistent across serial sensitivity analyses and subgroup analyses. Among non-anemic patients, high RDW remained strongly associated with mortality (HR 1.67, 95% CI 1.50–1.85, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Elevated RDW at the time of AMI is independently associated with mortality and adverse cardiovascular outcomes after PCI, including among non-anemic patients. RDW may serve as a readily available tool to support early risk stratification in this population. Full article

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), has been associated with elevated cardiovascular risks. However, the impact of IBD on outcomes following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains underexplored. We aimed to evaluate the clinical and procedural outcomes of PCI in patients with concurrent IBD. Methods: This study utilized the National Readmission Database from 2016 to 2020 to evaluate outcomes such as all-cause mortality and post-PCI complications, including various cardiovascular and gastrointestinal (GI) complications in IBD patients undergoing PCI. Patients with concurrent IBD and PCI were compared to non-IBD controls via multivariable logistic regression. Results: On propensity-score-matching analysis, IBD patients undergoing PCI had a higher prevalence of GI complications, including acute liver failure (Odds ratio (OR) 1.48, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.13–1.93, p = 0.004), mesenteric ischemia (OR 5.34, 95% CI 1.56–18.40, p = 0.007), and need for blood transfusion (OR 1.74, 95% CI 1.46–2.08, p < 0.001). There was also a higher rate of cardiac complications (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.05–1.64, p = 0.017). No significant difference in all-cause mortality (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.72–1.04, p = 0.113) was observed. Conclusions: IBD patients undergoing PCI face increased GI and cardiovascular complications without a significant mortality difference. These findings highlight the complex interplay between systemic inflammation, vascular integrity, and procedural outcomes in IBD patients. Full article