The Potential of T Cell Factor 1 in Sustaining CD8+ T Lymphocyte-Directed Anti-Tumor Immunity
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. T Cell Factor 1
3. CD8+ T Lymphocytes: Heterogeneity & Differentiation
3.1. CD8+ Effector T (TEFF) Cells
3.2. CD8+ Memory T Cells
4. CD8+ T Lymphocyte Responses in Anti-Tumor Immunity
4.1. Effector CD8+ T Cell-Mediated Immunity against Tumors
4.2. Memory CD8+ T Cell-Mediated Immunity against Tumors
5. Exhaustion of CD8+ T Lymphocytes
5.1. Mechanisms of CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion
5.2. Inhibitory Immune Checkpoints
5.3. CD8+ TEX Cells in the TME
6. ICB as a Method of T Cell Reinvigoration
6.1. Resistance to ICB Therapy
6.2. The Role of TCF1 in ICB and CD8+ T Cell Reinvigoration
7. Role of TCF1 in Tregs
8. Conclusions: Challenges and Perspectives
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
APC | antigen-presenting cell |
CAR | chimeric antigen receptor |
CTL | cytotoxic T lymphocytes |
CTLA-4 | cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 |
DC | dendritic cell |
FDA | (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration |
ICB | immune checkpoint blockade therapy |
IFN | interferon |
iPSC | induced pluripotent stem cell |
MHC | major histocompatibility complex |
MPEC | memory precursor effector cell |
LEF | lymphocyte enhancer factor |
MDSC | myeloid-derived suppressor cell |
PD-1 | programmed cell death 1 |
PD-L | programmed cell death ligand |
SLEC | short-lived effector cell |
T9 CAR-T | interleukin-9-secreting chimeric antigen receptor-T cell |
TAM | tumor-associated macrophage |
TCF1 | T cell factor 1 |
TCM | central memory T cell |
TCR | T cell receptor |
TEFF | effector T cell |
TEM | effector memory T cell |
TEX | exhausted T cell |
TIGIT | T cell immunoreceptor with Ig and ITIM domain |
TIL | tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte |
TME | tumor microenvironment |
Treg | regulatory T cell |
TRM | tissue-resident memory T cell |
TSCM | stem-cell memory T cell |
WRE | Wnt-response element |
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Naïve | TSCM | TCM | TEM | |
---|---|---|---|---|
CD45RA | + | + | − | − |
CD45RO | − | + | + | + |
CCR7 | + | + | + | − |
CD62L | + | + | + | − |
CD27 (TNFR) | + | + | + | − |
CD28 | + | + | + | +/− |
CD95 (Fas) | − | + | + | + |
CD122 (IL-15Rβ) | − | + | + | + |
CD127 (IL-7Rα) | − | + | + | − |
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Jung, S.; Baek, J.-H. The Potential of T Cell Factor 1 in Sustaining CD8+ T Lymphocyte-Directed Anti-Tumor Immunity. Cancers 2021, 13, 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13030515
Jung S, Baek J-H. The Potential of T Cell Factor 1 in Sustaining CD8+ T Lymphocyte-Directed Anti-Tumor Immunity. Cancers. 2021; 13(3):515. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13030515
Chicago/Turabian StyleJung, Sungmin, and Jea-Hyun Baek. 2021. "The Potential of T Cell Factor 1 in Sustaining CD8+ T Lymphocyte-Directed Anti-Tumor Immunity" Cancers 13, no. 3: 515. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13030515