Distinct Gene Expression Profiles of Matched Primary and Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancers
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Patients and Patient Samples
2.2. RNA Isolation and Sequencing
2.3. RNA-Seq Data Processing
2.4. Cell Type Enrichment Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Identification of DEGs between Primary TNBC Tumors and Matched Metastatic Lesions
3.2. Analysis of EMAT-Related Gene Signature
3.3. Comparison of Immune, Stromal, and Microenvironment Scores in Paired Primary and Metastatic TNBC Samples
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Baseline Characteristics | Metastasis (Lymph Node or Other) | Metastasis-Free | Metastasis (Distant Organ) |
---|---|---|---|
Zurich cohort (n = 31) | Stavanger Cohort (n = 5) | ||
Patient Age, n (%) | |||
20–29 | 0 (0.00) | 1 (5.55) | 0 (0.00) |
30–39 | 2 (15.38) | 1 (5.55) | 1 (20.00) |
40–49 | 1 (7.69) | 4 (22.22) | 1 (20.00) |
50–59 | 5 (38.46) | 6 (33.33) | 1 (20.00) |
60–69 | 3 (23.07) | 1 (5.55) | 2 (40.00) |
70+ | 2 (15.38) | 5 (27.78) | 0 (0.00) |
Tumor Grade, n (%) | |||
I | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) |
II | 1 (7.69) | 2 (11.11) | 0 (0.00) |
III | 12 (92.31) | 16 (88.89) | 5 (100.00) |
Missing | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) |
Histological Type, n (%) | |||
NST (ductal) | 10 (76.92) | 17 (94.44) | 5 (100.00) |
NST (with secretory differentiation) | 1 (7.69) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) |
Apocrine | 1 (7.69) | 1 (5.56) | 0 (0.00) |
Metaplastic | 1 (7.69) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) |
Missing | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) |
Survival Status, n (%) | |||
Alive | 5 (38.46) | 13 (72.22) | 0 (0.00) |
Dead | 8 (61.54) | 5 (27.78) | 5 (100.00) |
Missing | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) |
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Kaur, J.; Chandrashekar, D.S.; Varga, Z.; Sobottka, B.; Janssen, E.; Kowalski, J.; Kiraz, U.; Varambally, S.; Aneja, R. Distinct Gene Expression Profiles of Matched Primary and Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Cancers 2022, 14, 2447. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14102447
Kaur J, Chandrashekar DS, Varga Z, Sobottka B, Janssen E, Kowalski J, Kiraz U, Varambally S, Aneja R. Distinct Gene Expression Profiles of Matched Primary and Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancers. Cancers. 2022; 14(10):2447. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14102447
Chicago/Turabian StyleKaur, Jaspreet, Darshan S. Chandrashekar, Zsuzsanna Varga, Bettina Sobottka, Emiel Janssen, Jeanne Kowalski, Umay Kiraz, Sooryanarayana Varambally, and Ritu Aneja. 2022. "Distinct Gene Expression Profiles of Matched Primary and Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancers" Cancers 14, no. 10: 2447. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14102447