Combined Inhibition of FOSL-1 and YAP Using siRNA-Lipoplexes Reduces the Growth of Pancreatic Tumor
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Preparation of Liposomes
2.2. Preparation of Lipoplexes
2.3. Determination of siRNA Encapsulation
2.3.1. Agarose Gel Electrophoresis
2.3.2. Quant-it™ RiboGreen RNA Assay Kit
2.4. Physical-Chemical Characterization
2.5. Sterility
2.6. In Vitro Studies
2.6.1. Cell Lines
2.6.2. Cellular Uptake
2.6.3. Cell Viability in the Presence of Liposomes and Lipoplexes
2.6.4. Activation of the Complement Cascade
2.6.5. Hemolysis
2.6.6. FOSL-1 and YAP Silencing
2.7. In Vivo Studies
2.7.1. qRT-PCR to Analyze the Silencing of FOSL-1 and YAP in the Tumors
2.7.2. Histological Studies
2.7.3. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Physicochemical Characterization and Stability of Liposomes and Lipoplexes
3.2. Cellular Uptake of Liposomes
3.3. FOSL-1 and YAP mRNA and Protein Silencing
3.4. Cytocompatibility of Liposomes and Therapeutic Effect of Lipoplexes
3.5. Anti-Tumor Efficacy in Pancreatic Allografts in Immunosuppressed and Immunocompetent Mice
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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siRNA | 5′–3′ Strand | 3′–5′ Strand |
---|---|---|
Irrelevant | GCAAACCACCAAUCUAACA | CGUUUGGUGGUUAGAUUGU |
Fosl1 | GGGCAGCUGCUAUUUAUUUUU | UUCCCGUCGACGAUAAAUAAA |
Fosl2 | GGUGCCCUUUGACUAGCCUTT | TTCCACGGGAAACUGAUCGGA |
Yap1 | GCUUUCUCACGUGGUUAUAUU | UUCGAAAGAGUGCACCAAUAU |
Yap2 | CCAAGCUAGAUAAAGAAAGTT | GTGGUUCGAUCUAUUUCUUUC |
Primers | Forward (Fw) | Reverse (Rv) |
GAPDH | 5′-CCTCACCACCATGGAGGAGGC-3′ | 5′-GGCATGGACTGTGGTCATGAG-3′ |
FOSL-1 | 5′-ATGTACCGAGACTACGGGGAA-3′ | 5′-CTGCTGCTGTCGATGCTTG-3′ |
YAP | 5′-GGATGTCTCAGGAATTGAGAACA-3′ | 5′-ATGCTGTAGCTGCTCATGCTGA-3′ |
Size (nm) | PDI | ζ-Potential (mV) | |
---|---|---|---|
Liposomes | 139.0 ± 17.12 | 0.170 ± 0.03 | (+) 50.7 ± 5.70 |
Lipoplexes (Fosl1+2) | 129.6 ± 12.50 | 0.200 ± 0.02 | (+) 54.0 ± 0.28 |
Lipoplexes (Yap1+2) | 136.0 ± 13.20 | 0.100 ± 0.05 | (+) 41.3 ± 0.85 |
Lipoplexes (Fosl1+2 + Yap1+2) | 136.7 ± 13.60 | 0.160 ± 0.02 | (+) 39.6 ± 12.3 |
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Diego-González, L.; Fernández-Carrera, A.; Igea, A.; Martínez-Pérez, A.; Real Oliveira, M.E.C.D.; Gomes, A.C.; Guerra, C.; Barbacid, M.; González-Fernández, Á.; Simón-Vázquez, R. Combined Inhibition of FOSL-1 and YAP Using siRNA-Lipoplexes Reduces the Growth of Pancreatic Tumor. Cancers 2022, 14, 3102. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14133102
Diego-González L, Fernández-Carrera A, Igea A, Martínez-Pérez A, Real Oliveira MECD, Gomes AC, Guerra C, Barbacid M, González-Fernández Á, Simón-Vázquez R. Combined Inhibition of FOSL-1 and YAP Using siRNA-Lipoplexes Reduces the Growth of Pancreatic Tumor. Cancers. 2022; 14(13):3102. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14133102
Chicago/Turabian StyleDiego-González, Lara, Andrea Fernández-Carrera, Ana Igea, Amparo Martínez-Pérez, M. Elisabete C. D. Real Oliveira, Andreia C. Gomes, Carmen Guerra, Mariano Barbacid, África González-Fernández, and Rosana Simón-Vázquez. 2022. "Combined Inhibition of FOSL-1 and YAP Using siRNA-Lipoplexes Reduces the Growth of Pancreatic Tumor" Cancers 14, no. 13: 3102. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14133102