Extracellular Vesicles in the Progression and Therapeutic Resistance of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Biogenesis and Secretion of EVs in NPC
3. Roles of TDE in NPC
3.1. TDE Regulates NPC Cell Proliferation
3.2. TDE Promotes Tumor Metastasis
4. Roles of TDE in the NPC Microenvironment
4.1. The Effects of TDE on Activating NFs of NPC Microenvironment
4.2. The Effects of TDE on Immune Cells
4.3. The Effects of TDE on Angiogenesis
5. Roles of Microenvironment-Derived EVs in NPC
6. The Role of EVs in Chemoradiotherapy Resistance of NPC
7. Application of EVs in Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Function | Regulatory Mechanism | References | |
---|---|---|---|
Radioresistance | miR-34c | Targeting β-catenin | [85] |
miR-19b-3p | Increasing NF-κB activity | [86] | |
miR-142-5p | Inhibit HGF/c-Met and EGF/EGFR pathways | [87] | |
p53 | Activate the DNA repair system and promote apoptosis | [89] | |
circMYC | Promote cell proliferation and reduce radiosensitivity. | [91] | |
LMP1 | Activate P38 MAPK pathway | [92] | |
Chemoresistance | circMYC | Promote cell proliferation and metastasis | [101] |
DDX53 | Upregulate with MDR1 | [102] | |
ERp44 | Inhibiting cell apoptosis and pyroptosis | [103] | |
miR-106a-5p | Targeting ARNT2 | [104] | |
Diagnosis and therapeutic | miR-24-3p | Mediating T-cell suppression via repression of FGF11 | [68] |
CYPA | Marker of EBV-associated NPC | [110] | |
BART13-3p | NPC-selective biomarker | [112] | |
miR-134-5p, miR-205-5p, miR-486-5p, miR-486-3p, miR-409-3p | Significantly dysregulated in NPC | [107] | |
miR-203 | Targeting both CDH6 and RUNX2 | [119] |
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Shan, Y.; Zhou, P.; Zhou, Q.; Yang, L. Extracellular Vesicles in the Progression and Therapeutic Resistance of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers 2022, 14, 2289. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14092289
Shan Y, Zhou P, Zhou Q, Yang L. Extracellular Vesicles in the Progression and Therapeutic Resistance of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Cancers. 2022; 14(9):2289. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14092289
Chicago/Turabian StyleShan, Yunhan, Peijun Zhou, Qin Zhou, and Lifang Yang. 2022. "Extracellular Vesicles in the Progression and Therapeutic Resistance of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma" Cancers 14, no. 9: 2289. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14092289