Post-Transplant Maintenance Therapy in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
1
Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
2
St. Vincents Hospital, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
3
Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue S, NP2540W, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2024, 16(11), 2015; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16112015
Submission received: 22 April 2024
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Revised: 24 May 2024
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Accepted: 24 May 2024
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Published: 26 May 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunotherapy and Transplantation in the Era of Transplant Oncology)
Simple Summary
The leading cause of failure of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is post-transplant relapse. We urgently need strategies to decrease this risk. In the past few years, the basic framework of post-transplant maintenance has been shaped by several clinical trials investigating targeted, immunomodulatory, and cellular therapies. Although the practice of post-transplant maintenance in AML has become more common, there remain challenges regarding the feasibility and efficacy of this strategy. In this review, we discuss recent advances in post-transplant maintenance in AML, along with ongoing and future planned studies in this area, outlining the limitations of available data and our future goals.
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is potentially curative for patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the post-transplant relapse rate ranges from 40 to 70%, particularly with reduced intensity conditioning, and remains a major cause of treatment failure for these patients due to the limited efficacy of salvage therapy options. Strategies to mitigate this risk are urgently needed. In the past few years, the basic framework of post-transplant maintenance has been shaped by several clinical trials investigating targeted therapy, chemotherapy, and immunomodulatory therapies. Although the practice of post-transplant maintenance in AML has become more common, there remain challenges regarding the feasibility and efficacy of this strategy. Here, we review major developments in post-transplant maintenance in AML, along with ongoing and future planned studies in this area, outlining the limitations of available data and our future goals.
Keywords:
acute myeloid leukemia; post-transplant; maintenance therapy
