Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer—Changing Trends and Global Disparities
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Global Descriptive Epidemiological Trends
2.1. Current Trends
2.2. Survival Trends
3. Clinico-Epidemiological Features
3.1. Subsite Distribution
3.2. Epidemiological Trends in Esophagogastric Junction Cancer
4. Risk Factors of Gastric Cancer
4.1. H. pylori Infection
4.2. Tobacco Smoking
4.3. Alcohol Drinking
4.4. Salt-Preserved Food
4.5. Obesity
5. Future Trends
6. Conclusions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Evidence Level | Risk Factor (Positive Association) | |
---|---|---|
Strong Evidence | Convincing/ established cause | Helicobacter pylori infection (non-cardia) Tobacco smoking |
Probable | Body fatness (cardia) Alcoholic drinks (intake above 3 drinks or 45 g of ethanol per day) Food preserved by salting | |
Limited Evidence | Limited-suggestive | Processed meat (non-cardia) Grilled (broiled) or barbecued (charbroiled) meat and fish Low fruit intake Low citrus fruit (cardia) |
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Inoue, M. Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer—Changing Trends and Global Disparities. Cancers 2024, 16, 2948. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16172948
Inoue M. Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer—Changing Trends and Global Disparities. Cancers. 2024; 16(17):2948. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16172948
Chicago/Turabian StyleInoue, Manami. 2024. "Epidemiology of Gastric Cancer—Changing Trends and Global Disparities" Cancers 16, no. 17: 2948. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16172948