Analysis of Expression and Regulation of AKR1C2 in HPV-Positive and -Negative Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Subjects and Materials
2.2. Ethics Statement
2.3. Immunochemistry
2.4. Cell Culture and Transfection
2.5. RT-qPCR Expression Analysis
2.6. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Immunohistochemical Detection of AKR1C2
3.2. AKR1C2 Protein Expression, HPV, and Survival in OPSCC
3.3. Correlation of AKR1C2 with AKR1C1 and AKR1C3 and NRF2
3.4. Effects of HPV16-E6*I on AKR1C2 mRNA Expression
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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AKR1C2 Tumor Staining | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total (1) | AKR1C2HIGH (2) | AKR1C2LOW (2) | ||||||
Clinicopathological Feature | n | % | n | % | n | % | χ2 | |
Mean age (years) | 51 | 55.125 | 60.162 | |||||
Sex | ||||||||
Male | 39 | 76.5 | 21 | 42.9 | 16 | 32.7 | ||
Female | 12 | 23.5 | 8 | 16.3 | 4 | 8.2 | 0.738 | |
T classification | ||||||||
pT1 and pT2 | 23 | 45.1 | 10 | 20.4 | 12 | 24.5 | ||
pT3 and pT4 | 28 | 54.9 | 19 | 38.8 | 8 | 16.3 | 0.090 | |
N classification | ||||||||
pN0 | 13 | 25.5 | 6 | 12.2 | 7 | 14.3 | ||
pN1–2 (3) | 39 | 74.5 | 23 | 46.9 | 13 | 26.5 | 0.331 | |
M classification | ||||||||
pM0 | 49 | 96.1 | 28 | 57.1 | 19 | 38.8 | ||
pM1 | 2 | 3.9 | 1 | 2.0 | 1 | 2.0 | 1.000 | |
AJCC classification | ||||||||
I | 14 | 27.5 | 5 | 10.2 | 8 | 16.3 | ||
II | 12 | 23.5 | 4 | 8.2 | 8 | 16.3 | ||
III | 10 | 19.6 | 8 | 16.3 | 2 | 4.1 | ||
IV | 15 | 29.4 | 12 | 24.5 | 2 | 4.1 | 0.009 | |
Relapse | ||||||||
Yes | 23 | 45.1 | 13 | 26.5 | 9 | 18.4 | ||
No | 28 | 54.9 | 16 | 32.7 | 11 | 22.4 | 1.000 | |
Death | ||||||||
Yes | 23 | 47.0 | 13 | 26.5 | 6 | 12.2 | ||
No | 26 | 53.3 | 16 | 32.7 | 14 | 28.6 | 0.377 | |
HPV-status | ||||||||
Negative | 25 | 49.0 | 19 | 38.8 | 5 | 10.2 | ||
Positive | 26 | 51.0 | 10 | 20.4 | 15 | 30.6 | 0.008 | |
Smoking | ||||||||
Yes | 40 | 78.4 | 22 | 45.8 | 16 | 33.3 | ||
No | 11 | 21.6 | 6 | 12.5 | 4 | 8.3 | 1.000 | |
Alcohol | ||||||||
Yes | 25 | 49 | 14 | 28.6 | 11 | 22.4 | ||
No | 26 | 47 | 15 | 30.6 | 9 | 18.4 | 0.773 | |
Localization | ||||||||
Tonsil | 31 | 60.8 | 16 | 32.7 | 15 | 30.6 | ||
Tongue base | 15 | 29.4 | 8 | 16.3 | 5 | 10.2 | ||
Soft palate | 5 | 9.8 | 5 | 10.2 | 0 | 0 | 0.122 | |
NRF2 expression | ||||||||
Nuclear | 14 | 27.5 | 8 | 16.3 | 6 | 12.2 | ||
Cytoplasmic | 37 | 72.5 | 21 | 42.9 | 14 | 28.6 | 1.000 | |
AKR1C1 expression | ||||||||
AKR1C1 (+) | 15 | 29.4 | 20 | 40.8 | 6 | 12.2 | ||
AKR1C1 (−) | 36 | 70.6 | 9 | 18.4 | 14 | 28.6 | 1.000 | |
AKR1C3 expression | ||||||||
AKR1C3 (+) | 15 | 29.4 | 20 | 40.8 | 6 | 12.2 | ||
AKR1C3 (−) | 36 | 70.6 | 9 | 18.4 | 14 | 28.6 | 1.000 |
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Share and Cite
Ziogas, M.; Siefer, O.; Wuerdemann, N.; Balaji, H.; Gross, E.; Drebber, U.; Klussmann, J.P.; Huebbers, C.U. Analysis of Expression and Regulation of AKR1C2 in HPV-Positive and -Negative Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers 2024, 16, 2976. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16172976
Ziogas M, Siefer O, Wuerdemann N, Balaji H, Gross E, Drebber U, Klussmann JP, Huebbers CU. Analysis of Expression and Regulation of AKR1C2 in HPV-Positive and -Negative Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancers. 2024; 16(17):2976. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16172976
Chicago/Turabian StyleZiogas, Maria, Oliver Siefer, Nora Wuerdemann, Harini Balaji, Elena Gross, Uta Drebber, Jens Peter Klussmann, and Christian U. Huebbers. 2024. "Analysis of Expression and Regulation of AKR1C2 in HPV-Positive and -Negative Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma" Cancers 16, no. 17: 2976. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16172976