Recent Advances on Copper Complexes as Visible Light Photoinitiators and (Photo) Redox Initiators of Polymerization
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Copper Complexes as Visible Light Photoinitiators of Polymerization
2.1. Copper Complexes as Photoredox Catalysts
2.2. Copper Complexes as Photoinitiators for Polymerization Processes in Shadowed Area
2.3. Copper Complexes as Photoinitiators for Dark Polymerization Processes
2.4. Green Approach towards the Synthesis of Copper-Based Photoinitiators of Polymerization
2.5. Green Approach towards the Synthesis of Copper-Based Redox and Photoredox Initiators of Polymerization
2.6. Complexes with Elongated Excited State Lifetimes: The Basis of Chemical Engineering
3. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Laser Diode (405 nm) | Laser Diode (457 nm) | Halogen Lamp | ε405nm (M−1cm−1) | ε457nm (M−1cm−1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cu-4/Iod | 20% | 25% | 43% | 1500 | 440 |
Cu-5/Iod | 37% | 49% | 46% | 3100 | 1000 |
Cu-6/Iod | 32% | 36% | 22% | 4000 | 1200 |
CQ/Iod | 18% * |
Laser Diode (405 nm) | Laser Diode (457 nm) | Halogen Lamp | ε405nm (M−1cm−1) | ε457nm (M−1cm−1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cu-10/Iod | 30% | 42% | 25% | 3100 | 400 |
Cu-11/Iod | 21% | 38% | 21% | 2500 | 350 |
Cu-12/Iod | 32% | <5% | 19% | 2600 | 150 |
Cu-13/Iod | 36% | 18% | 8% | 2000 | 120 |
Cu-14/Iod | 33% | 15% | 16% | 2500 | 180 |
Cu-18/Iod | 36% | 51% | 50% | 5500 | 1200 |
Cu-19/Iod | 34% | 52% | 49% | 4800 | 2000 |
Cu-20/Iod | 30% | 48% | 46% | 6300 | 2600 |
Cu-18/Iod/NVK | 59% | 57% | |||
Cu-2/Iod | 41% | 41% | 48% | ||
Cu-2/Iod/NVK | 56% | ||||
Cu-3/Iod | 21% | 38% | 38% | ||
Cu-3/Iod/NVK | 41% | 42% |
LED (405 nm) | LED (455 nm) | Halogen Lamp | ε405 nm (M−1cm−1) | ε457 nm (M−1cm−1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cu-18/R-Br/MDEA | 59% * | 55% * | 49% * | 5500 | 1200 |
BAPO | 53% * | ||||
CQ/MDEA | 35% * |
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Noirbent, G.; Dumur, F. Recent Advances on Copper Complexes as Visible Light Photoinitiators and (Photo) Redox Initiators of Polymerization. Catalysts 2020, 10, 953. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10090953
Noirbent G, Dumur F. Recent Advances on Copper Complexes as Visible Light Photoinitiators and (Photo) Redox Initiators of Polymerization. Catalysts. 2020; 10(9):953. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10090953
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoirbent, Guillaume, and Frédéric Dumur. 2020. "Recent Advances on Copper Complexes as Visible Light Photoinitiators and (Photo) Redox Initiators of Polymerization" Catalysts 10, no. 9: 953. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10090953