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Polymers
Volume 11
Issue 5
10.3390/polym11050874
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Article

Bypassing Osmotic Shock Dilemma in a Polystyrene Resin Using the Green Solvent Cyclopentyl methyl Ether (CPME): A Morphological Perspective

by
Othman Al Musaimi
1,2,
Ayman El-Faham
3,4,
Zainab Almarhoon
3,
Alessandra Basso
5,
Beatriz G. de la Torre
2,* and
Fernando Albericio
1,3,6,7,*
1
Peptide Science Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4001, South Africa
2
KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4041, South Africa
3
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
4
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
5
Purolite, Llantrisant Business Park, Llantrisant, CF72 8LF, UK
6
CIBER-BBN, Networking Centre on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
7
Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2019, 11(5), 874; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11050874
Submission received: 13 April 2019 / Revised: 2 May 2019 / Accepted: 11 May 2019 / Published: 13 May 2019
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Abstract

The “osmotic shock” phenomenon is the main thing that is responsible for morphological structure alteration, which can jeopardize the use of a polymer in a chemical process. This is extremely important in solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS), which is the method of choice for the preparation of these important biologically active compounds. Herein, we have used Hildebrand solubility parameters (δ) to investigate the influence of different ethers that are used in the precipitation step of the SPPS using a polystyrene resin. The green cyclopentyl methyl ether (CPME) has shown to be slightly superior to 2-methyltetrahydrofurane, which is also a green ether and clearly better than the hazardous diethyl ether and tert-butyl methyl ether. These results have been corroborated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis and computational studies. All together, these confirm the adequacy of CPME for being the ether of choice to be used in SPPS.
Keywords: solid-phase peptide synthesis; osmotic shock; green solvent solid-phase peptide synthesis; osmotic shock; green solvent

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MDPI and ACS Style

Al Musaimi, O.; El-Faham, A.; Almarhoon, Z.; Basso, A.; de la Torre, B.G.; Albericio, F. Bypassing Osmotic Shock Dilemma in a Polystyrene Resin Using the Green Solvent Cyclopentyl methyl Ether (CPME): A Morphological Perspective. Polymers 2019, 11, 874. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11050874

AMA Style

Al Musaimi O, El-Faham A, Almarhoon Z, Basso A, de la Torre BG, Albericio F. Bypassing Osmotic Shock Dilemma in a Polystyrene Resin Using the Green Solvent Cyclopentyl methyl Ether (CPME): A Morphological Perspective. Polymers. 2019; 11(5):874. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11050874

Chicago/Turabian Style

Al Musaimi, Othman, Ayman El-Faham, Zainab Almarhoon, Alessandra Basso, Beatriz G. de la Torre, and Fernando Albericio. 2019. "Bypassing Osmotic Shock Dilemma in a Polystyrene Resin Using the Green Solvent Cyclopentyl methyl Ether (CPME): A Morphological Perspective" Polymers 11, no. 5: 874. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11050874

APA Style

Al Musaimi, O., El-Faham, A., Almarhoon, Z., Basso, A., de la Torre, B. G., & Albericio, F. (2019). Bypassing Osmotic Shock Dilemma in a Polystyrene Resin Using the Green Solvent Cyclopentyl methyl Ether (CPME): A Morphological Perspective. Polymers, 11(5), 874. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11050874

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