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Review

Polycarbazole and Its Derivatives: Synthesis and Applications. A Review of the Last 10 Years

by
Fadila Bekkar
1,
Faiza Bettahar
1,
Isabel Moreno
2,
Rachid Meghabar
1,
Mohammed Hamadouche
3,
Estibaliz Hernáez
4,
José Luis Vilas-Vilela
4,5 and
Leire Ruiz-Rubio
4,5,*
1
Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Université Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, El-Mnaouer, BP 1524, Oran 31000, Algerie
2
Macromolecular Chemistry Group (LQM), Organic Chemistry II Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
3
Laboratoire de Chimie Fine, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences Exactes et Appliquées, Université Oran1 Ahmed Ben Bella, El-Mnaouer, BP 1524, Oran 31000, Algerie
4
Macromolecular Chemistry Group (LQM), Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
5
BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, Applications and Nanostructures, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940 Leioa, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2020, 12(10), 2227; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102227
Submission received: 20 August 2020 / Revised: 24 September 2020 / Accepted: 26 September 2020 / Published: 28 September 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Chemistry)
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Abstract

Polycarbazole and its derivatives have been extensively used for the last three decades, although the interest in these materials briefly decreased. However, the increasing demand for conductive polymers for several applications such as light emitting diodes (OLEDs), capacitators or memory devices, among others, has renewed the interest in carbazole-based materials. In this review, the synthetic routes used for the development of carbazole-based polymers have been summarized, reviewing the main synthetic methodologies, namely chemical and electrochemical polymerization. In addition, the applications reported in the last decade for carbazole derivatives are analysed. The emergence of flexible and wearable electronic devices as a part of the internet of the things could be an important driving force to renew the interest on carbazole-based materials, being conductive polymers capable to respond adequately to requirement of these devices.
Keywords: carbazole derivatives; conducting polymers; electropolymerization; chemical polymerization carbazole derivatives; conducting polymers; electropolymerization; chemical polymerization

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MDPI and ACS Style

Bekkar, F.; Bettahar, F.; Moreno, I.; Meghabar, R.; Hamadouche, M.; Hernáez, E.; Vilas-Vilela, J.L.; Ruiz-Rubio, L. Polycarbazole and Its Derivatives: Synthesis and Applications. A Review of the Last 10 Years. Polymers 2020, 12, 2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102227

AMA Style

Bekkar F, Bettahar F, Moreno I, Meghabar R, Hamadouche M, Hernáez E, Vilas-Vilela JL, Ruiz-Rubio L. Polycarbazole and Its Derivatives: Synthesis and Applications. A Review of the Last 10 Years. Polymers. 2020; 12(10):2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102227

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bekkar, Fadila, Faiza Bettahar, Isabel Moreno, Rachid Meghabar, Mohammed Hamadouche, Estibaliz Hernáez, José Luis Vilas-Vilela, and Leire Ruiz-Rubio. 2020. "Polycarbazole and Its Derivatives: Synthesis and Applications. A Review of the Last 10 Years" Polymers 12, no. 10: 2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102227

APA Style

Bekkar, F., Bettahar, F., Moreno, I., Meghabar, R., Hamadouche, M., Hernáez, E., Vilas-Vilela, J. L., & Ruiz-Rubio, L. (2020). Polycarbazole and Its Derivatives: Synthesis and Applications. A Review of the Last 10 Years. Polymers, 12(10), 2227. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12102227

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