Utilization of Noxious Weed Water Hyacinth Biomass as a Potential Feedstock for Biopolymers Production: A Novel Approach
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Water Hyacinth Biomass and Chemicals
2.2. Pretreatment Studies and Enzymatic Hydrolysis
2.3. PHB Production Using WH Hydrolysates by R. eutropha
Effects of Supplementation of Cheap N Sources on PHB Production
2.4. Analytical Methods
2.5. PHB Extraction and Analytical Characterization
2.6. Thermal Analysis and Molecular Mass Determination of Produced PHB
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Effects of Chemical Pretreatment on Enzymatic Hydrolysis of WH
3.2. Determination of the Best Pretreatment Conditions
3.3. Ambient Conditions for Enzymatic Hydrolysis of NaOH Pretreated WH Biomass
3.4. Physicochemical Changes of Water Hyacinth after Pretreatment
3.5. PHB Production Using WH Hydrolysates
Effects of Supplementation of Cheap Nitrogen Source on PHB Production
3.6. PHB Characterization
3.7. Thermal (TGA and DSC) Analysis of Produced PHB
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Name of Component | Concentration (g/L) |
---|---|
NaH2PO4 | 3.60 |
Na2HPO4 | 2.84 |
K2SO4 | 3.49 |
NaOH | 0.40 |
Yeast extract | 0.20 |
MgSO4·7H2O | 0.39 |
CaCl2 | 0.06 |
(NH4)2SO4 | 0.10 |
CuSO4·5H2O | 0.005 |
ZnSO4·7H2O | 0.024 |
MnSO4·H2O | 0.024 |
FeSO4·7H2O | 0.15 |
WH hydrolysates # | 20.0 |
SH hydrolysates # | 20.0 |
Type of Pretreatment | Pretreatment Conditions | WH Biochemicals Constituents (%) | Delignification (%) | TRS (mg/g of WH) | Hydrolysis Yield (%) | Glucose Yield (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cellulose | Hemi-cellulose | Lignin | ||||||
Control | No pretreatment | 29.15 ± 1.25 | 32.66 ± 1.28 | 10.25 ± 0.68 | ND | 65.80 ± 1.50 | 10.65 ± 0.51 | 13.7 ± 0.25 |
NaOH | 2% NaOH at 100 °C for 3 h | 42.25 ± 1.85 | 22.86 ± 0.89 | 5.11 ± 0.32 | 50.2 ± 1.25 | 418.0 ± 3.87 | 64.32 ± 0.68 | 75.0 ± 0.75 |
Peracetic acid (PA) | 2% Peracetic acid at 100 °C for 3 h | 37.86 ± 1.95 | 24.50 ± 1.15 | 6.15 ± 0.30 | 40.3 ± 1.29 | 312.7 ± 3.56 | 50.12 ± 0.62 | 60.5 ± 0.65 |
Parameters | NaOH | PA | SH |
---|---|---|---|
Fermentation time (h) | 36 | 36 | 36 |
TRS (initial) (g/L) | 20 ± 0.55 | 20 ± 0.65 | 20 ± 0.66 |
TRS (after) (g/L) | 6.0 ± 0.15 | 8.4 ± 0.14 | 4.2 ± 0.12 |
Total Sugar consumption (%) | 70.4 ± 1.25 | 60.5 ± 0.98 | 80.0 ± 1.00 |
DCW (g/L) | 8.40 ± 0.35 | 7.25 ± 0.35 | 9.72 ± 0.48 |
PHB/DCW content (%) | 67.5 ± 1.88 | 62.5 ± 1.65 | 70.0 ± 1.45 |
PHB (g/L) | 5.67 ± 0.25 | 4.53 ± 0.25 | 6.80 ± 0.22 |
Qp gPHB/L/h | 0.157 ± 0.001 | 0.125 ± 0.001 | 0.188 ± 0.002 |
PHB yield (g/g) | 0.405 ± 0.001 | 0.377 ± 0.001 | 0.425 ± 0.002 |
Name of Substrate | Microorganism | Operation Mode | PHB Content (%) | PHB Concentration (g/L) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Water hyacinth | R. eutropha ATCC 17699 | Batch | 73 | 7.30 | This study |
Water hyacinth | R. eutropha MTCC 1472 | Batch | 58.0 | 7.0 | [10] |
Partheniumhysterophorus Pentose-rich hydrolysate Hexose-rich hydrolysate | R. eutropha MTCC 8320 | Batch | 8.03 17.93 | 0.24 0.60 | [9] |
Eicchornia crassipes Pentose-rich hydrolysate Hexose-rich hydrolysate | R. eutropha MTCC 8320 | Batch | 8.11 21.62 | 0.30 0.96 | [9] |
Waste office paper | R. eutropha NCIMB 11599 | Batch | 57.5 | 3.93 | [39] |
Sargassum sp. seaweed hydrolysate | C. necator PTCC 1615 | Batch | 74.4 | 3.93 | [40] |
Wheat waste biomass | R. eutropha ATCC 17699 | Batch | 74.0 | 7.85 | [8] |
Paddy straw | R. eutropha MTCC 1472 | Batch | 37.55 | 5.19 | [41] |
Rice paddy straw | R. eutropha ATCC 17699 | Batch | 75.45 | 11.42 | [17] |
Bagasse hydrolysate | R. eutropha ATCC 17699 | Batch | 65 | 3.9 | [42] |
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Saratale, R.G.; Cho, S.-K.; Ghodake, G.S.; Shin, H.-S.; Saratale, G.D.; Park, Y.; Lee, H.-S.; Bharagava, R.N.; Kim, D.-S. Utilization of Noxious Weed Water Hyacinth Biomass as a Potential Feedstock for Biopolymers Production: A Novel Approach. Polymers 2020, 12, 1704. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12081704
Saratale RG, Cho S-K, Ghodake GS, Shin H-S, Saratale GD, Park Y, Lee H-S, Bharagava RN, Kim D-S. Utilization of Noxious Weed Water Hyacinth Biomass as a Potential Feedstock for Biopolymers Production: A Novel Approach. Polymers. 2020; 12(8):1704. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12081704
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaratale, Rijuta Ganesh, Si-Kyung Cho, Gajanan S. Ghodake, Han-Seung Shin, Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale, Yooheon Park, Hee-Seok Lee, Ram Naresh Bharagava, and Dong-Su Kim. 2020. "Utilization of Noxious Weed Water Hyacinth Biomass as a Potential Feedstock for Biopolymers Production: A Novel Approach" Polymers 12, no. 8: 1704. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12081704