Comprehensive Enhancement in Thermomechanical Performance of Melt-Extruded PEEK Filaments by Graphene Incorporation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Fabrication of PEEK–GnP Nanocomposites
2.2.1. Adsorption of GnPs on the Surface of PEEK
2.2.2. Extrusion of Filaments of the PEEK–GnP Nanocomposites
2.3. Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Morphology Observation
3.2. Characteristics of Molecular Structure
3.3. Thermal Analyses
3.4. Thermomechanical Properties
3.5. Theoretical Modeling of the Mechanical Properties of the PEEK–GnP Nanocomposites
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Name | Polymer Weight (Wt %) | Graphene Weight (Wt %) |
---|---|---|
Neat PEEK | 100.0 | 0.0 |
PEEK–GnP0.5 | 99.5 | 0.5 |
PEEK–GnP1.0 | 99.0 | 1.0 |
PEEK–GnP3.0 | 97.0 | 3.0 |
Sample Name | Xc (%) |
---|---|
Neat PEEK | 29.1 |
PEEK–GnP0.5 | 28.5 |
PEEK–GnP1.0 | 27.4 |
PEEK–GnP3.0 | 26.1 |
Polymer | Filler Type | Concentration (wt.%) | Improvement in Ultimate Tensile Strength (%) | Improvement in Young’s Modulus (%) | Storage Modulus (%) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PEEK | GnP | 1.0 | 34 | 25 | 61 | Present study |
PEEK PEEK PEEK | GnP GnP MWCNT | 10.0 5.0 2.5 | −16 * 4 10 | 44 23 6 | - 25 - | [6] [58] [59] |
PEEK | Modified GnP | 3.0 | 10 | 39 | - | [61] |
PEEK | bi/tri-layer graphene | 5.0 | - | - | 29 | [18] |
PEEK | GO | 2.0 | 0 | 4 | - | [20] |
PEEK | CNF | 10.0 | 40 | 25 | 12 | [9] |
PEEK | Modified SWCNT | 1.0 | 39 | 14 | 38 | [36] |
PEEK | CNF | 15.0 | 50 | 40 | - | [62] |
PEEK | Nano-hydroapatite rods + CNF | 32.0 | −14 * | 67 | - | [63] |
PEEK | MWCNT | 17.0 | - | 50 | - | [13] |
PEEK | Modified SWCNT | 1.0 | - | - | 34 | [12] |
PEEK | Modified GO + modified MWCNT | 1.5 | - | - | 50 | [25] |
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Yaragalla, S.; Zahid, M.; Panda, J.K.; Tsagarakis, N.; Cingolani, R.; Athanassiou, A. Comprehensive Enhancement in Thermomechanical Performance of Melt-Extruded PEEK Filaments by Graphene Incorporation. Polymers 2021, 13, 1425. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13091425
Yaragalla S, Zahid M, Panda JK, Tsagarakis N, Cingolani R, Athanassiou A. Comprehensive Enhancement in Thermomechanical Performance of Melt-Extruded PEEK Filaments by Graphene Incorporation. Polymers. 2021; 13(9):1425. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13091425
Chicago/Turabian StyleYaragalla, Srinivasarao, Muhammad Zahid, Jaya Kumar Panda, Nikolaos Tsagarakis, Roberto Cingolani, and Athanassia Athanassiou. 2021. "Comprehensive Enhancement in Thermomechanical Performance of Melt-Extruded PEEK Filaments by Graphene Incorporation" Polymers 13, no. 9: 1425. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13091425