A Comparative Study of Cr(VI) Sorption by Aureobasidium pullulans AKW Biomass and Its Extracellular Melanin: Complementary Modeling with Equilibrium Isotherms, Kinetic Studies, and Decision Tree Modeling

Fakhry, Hala; Ghoniem, Abeer A.; Al-Otibi, Fatimah O.; Helmy, Yosra A.; El Hersh, Mohammed S.; Elattar, Khaled M.; Saber, WesamEldin I. A.; Elsayed, Ashraf

doi:10.3390/polym15183754

Open AccessArticle

A Comparative Study of Cr(VI) Sorption by Aureobasidium pullulans AKW Biomass and Its Extracellular Melanin: Complementary Modeling with Equilibrium Isotherms, Kinetic Studies, and Decision Tree Modeling

by

Hala Fakhry

^1,2,*,

Abeer A. Ghoniem

³,

Fatimah O. Al-Otibi

⁴

,

Yosra A. Helmy

⁵

,

Mohammed S. El Hersh

³,

Khaled M. Elattar

⁶,

WesamEldin I. A. Saber

^3,*

and

Ashraf Elsayed

⁷

¹

National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries (NIOF), Cairo 11865, Egypt

²

Department of Aquatic Environmental Science, Faculty of Fish Resources, Suez University, Suez 43518, Egypt

³

Microbial Activity Unit, Department of Microbiology, Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt

⁴

Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia

⁵

Department of Veterinary Science, Martin-Gatton College of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA

⁶

Unit of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt

⁷

Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Polymers 2023, 15(18), 3754; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15183754

Submission received: 6 August 2023 / Revised: 27 August 2023 / Accepted: 29 August 2023 / Published: 14 September 2023

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Functional Polymer Materials for Water Treatment)

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Abstract

Melanin as a natural polymer is found in all living organisms, and plays an important role in protecting the body from harmful UV rays from the sun. The efficiency of fungal biomass (Aureobasidium pullulans) and its extracellular melanin as Cr(VI) biosorbents was comparatively considered. The efficiency of Cr(VI) biosorption by the two sorbents used was augmented up to 240 min. The maximum sorption capacities were 485.747 (fungus biomass) and 595.974 (melanin) mg/g. The practical data were merely fitted to both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The kinetics of the biosorption process obeyed the pseudo-first-order. Melanin was superior in Cr(VI) sorption than fungal biomass. Furthermore, four independent variables (contact time, initial concentration of Cr(VI), biosorbent dosage, and pH,) were modeled by the two decision trees (DTs). Conversely, to equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies, DT of fungal biomass had lower errors compared to DT of melanin. Lately, the DTs improved the efficacy of the Cr(VI) removal process, thus introducing complementary and alternative solutions to equilibrium isotherms and kinetic studies. The Cr(VI) biosorption onto the biosorbents was confirmed and elucidated through FTIR, SEM, and EDX investigations. Conclusively, this is the first report study attaining the biosorption of Cr(VI) by biomass of A. pullulans and its extracellular melanin among equilibrium isotherms, kinetic study, and algorithmic decision tree modeling.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; biosorption; fungal biomass; water treatment; heavy metals

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fakhry, H.; Ghoniem, A.A.; Al-Otibi, F.O.; Helmy, Y.A.; El Hersh, M.S.; Elattar, K.M.; Saber, W.I.A.; Elsayed, A. A Comparative Study of Cr(VI) Sorption by Aureobasidium pullulans AKW Biomass and Its Extracellular Melanin: Complementary Modeling with Equilibrium Isotherms, Kinetic Studies, and Decision Tree Modeling. Polymers 2023, 15, 3754. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15183754

AMA Style

Fakhry H, Ghoniem AA, Al-Otibi FO, Helmy YA, El Hersh MS, Elattar KM, Saber WIA, Elsayed A. A Comparative Study of Cr(VI) Sorption by Aureobasidium pullulans AKW Biomass and Its Extracellular Melanin: Complementary Modeling with Equilibrium Isotherms, Kinetic Studies, and Decision Tree Modeling. Polymers. 2023; 15(18):3754. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15183754

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fakhry, Hala, Abeer A. Ghoniem, Fatimah O. Al-Otibi, Yosra A. Helmy, Mohammed S. El Hersh, Khaled M. Elattar, WesamEldin I. A. Saber, and Ashraf Elsayed. 2023. "A Comparative Study of Cr(VI) Sorption by Aureobasidium pullulans AKW Biomass and Its Extracellular Melanin: Complementary Modeling with Equilibrium Isotherms, Kinetic Studies, and Decision Tree Modeling" Polymers 15, no. 18: 3754. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15183754

APA Style

Fakhry, H., Ghoniem, A. A., Al-Otibi, F. O., Helmy, Y. A., El Hersh, M. S., Elattar, K. M., Saber, W. I. A., & Elsayed, A. (2023). A Comparative Study of Cr(VI) Sorption by Aureobasidium pullulans AKW Biomass and Its Extracellular Melanin: Complementary Modeling with Equilibrium Isotherms, Kinetic Studies, and Decision Tree Modeling. Polymers, 15(18), 3754. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15183754

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A Comparative Study of Cr(VI) Sorption by Aureobasidium pullulans AKW Biomass and Its Extracellular Melanin: Complementary Modeling with Equilibrium Isotherms, Kinetic Studies, and Decision Tree Modeling

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