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Polymers
Volume 16
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10.3390/polym16010137
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Article

Development of an Innovative Lightweight Composite Material with Thermal Insulation Properties Based on Cardoon and Polyurethane

by
Raquel A. Fernandes
1,2,3,
Nuno Ferreira
1,
Sandro Lopes
1,
Jorge Santos
1,2,3,
Nelson Bento Pereira
4,5,
Nuno Oliveira Ferreira
5,6,
Lina Nunes
7,
Jorge M. Martins
2,3,8 and
Luisa H. Carvalho
2,3,8,*
1
ARCP Colab—Rede de Competências em Polímeros, Rua Júlio de Matos, 828/882, 4200-355 Porto, Portugal
2
LEPABE—Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
3
AliCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
4
CICon—Center for Innovation in Construction, Zona Industrial de Sabroso de Aguiar-Lote 2B, 5450-371 Vila Pouca de Aguiar, Portugal
5
CEPAT—Center for Heritage Studies, Avenida do Conde 5643, 4465-097 São Mamede de Infesta, Portugal
6
Secundino Queirós Construction, Avenida Lopes de Oliveira 29, 5450-140 Pedras Salgadas, Portugal
7
LNEC—Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Structures Department, Av. do Brasil, 101, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal
8
DEMad—Department of Wood Engineering, Instituto Politécnico de Viseu, Campus Politécnico de Repeses, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2024, 16(1), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16010137
Submission received: 30 November 2023 / Revised: 22 December 2023 / Accepted: 29 December 2023 / Published: 31 December 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fibre-Reinforced Polymeric Composites)
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Abstract

The search for innovative and sustainable solutions to improve the energy efficiency of the construction industry has been a hot topic for researchers due to the tremendous impact of insulator materials in the thermal comfort of buildings. In the present work, an innovative lightweight composite material with thermal insulation properties was developed, for the first time, by using cardoon particles and polyurethane. The formulation of the composite material was optimized in terms of cardoon fraction and the polyol/isocyanate ratio, to achieve the best compromise between internal bond (IB) strength and thickness swelling (TS). The best performing composite was PU75-CP45, with 45 wt% of cardoon particles and 75% of isocyanate, achieving an IB of 0.41 MPa and a TS of 5.3%. Regarding insulation properties, the PU75-CP45 composite material exhibits a promising performance when compared to conventional construction industry materials by tuning its thickness. Additionally, the composite material presented very low emissions of volatile organic compounds and formaldehyde (bellow to legislation levels) and high resistance to biological degradation.
Keywords: cardoon; insulation; polyurethane; sustainable; composite; construction cardoon; insulation; polyurethane; sustainable; composite; construction

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MDPI and ACS Style

Fernandes, R.A.; Ferreira, N.; Lopes, S.; Santos, J.; Bento Pereira, N.; Ferreira, N.O.; Nunes, L.; Martins, J.M.; Carvalho, L.H. Development of an Innovative Lightweight Composite Material with Thermal Insulation Properties Based on Cardoon and Polyurethane. Polymers 2024, 16, 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16010137

AMA Style

Fernandes RA, Ferreira N, Lopes S, Santos J, Bento Pereira N, Ferreira NO, Nunes L, Martins JM, Carvalho LH. Development of an Innovative Lightweight Composite Material with Thermal Insulation Properties Based on Cardoon and Polyurethane. Polymers. 2024; 16(1):137. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16010137

Chicago/Turabian Style

Fernandes, Raquel A., Nuno Ferreira, Sandro Lopes, Jorge Santos, Nelson Bento Pereira, Nuno Oliveira Ferreira, Lina Nunes, Jorge M. Martins, and Luisa H. Carvalho. 2024. "Development of an Innovative Lightweight Composite Material with Thermal Insulation Properties Based on Cardoon and Polyurethane" Polymers 16, no. 1: 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16010137

APA Style

Fernandes, R. A., Ferreira, N., Lopes, S., Santos, J., Bento Pereira, N., Ferreira, N. O., Nunes, L., Martins, J. M., & Carvalho, L. H. (2024). Development of an Innovative Lightweight Composite Material with Thermal Insulation Properties Based on Cardoon and Polyurethane. Polymers, 16(1), 137. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16010137

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