Enhancing the Fire Resistance of Ablative Materials: Role of the Polymeric Matrix and Silicon Carbide Reinforcement
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.3. Fire Test
2.4. Wear Test
2.5. Impact Test
2.6. Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC) Technique
3. Results
3.1. Fire Test
3.1.1. Polypropylene
3.1.2. Polyester
3.2. Wear Tests
3.3. Impact Test
4. Discussion
4.1. Fire Resistance
4.1.1. Polypropylene
4.1.2. Polyester Resin
4.2. Wear Behaviour
4.3. Impact Resistance
4.4. Comparison between Composites
5. Conclusions
- (a)
- Fire resistance:
- -
- Polypropylene (PP): the fire resistance of PP improves with the addition of SiC and glass fibers (GFs), which form a protective silica layer that insulates and reduces smoke.
- -
- Polyester resin (UPE): UPE decomposes at high temperatures, but the addition of GF improves its fire resistance by forming protective carbon layers.
- (b)
- Wear behavior:
- -
- PP matrix composites: Their behavior is derived from the ductile matrix of PP, which results in narrower and shallower wear tracks. This behavior is improved by adding SiC and GF.
- -
- UPE matrix composites: although the wear of the UPE matrix is relatively high, its wear resistance increases with SiC and GF, forming wedge-shaped agglomerates that reduce the depth of wear.
- (c)
- Impact resistance:
- -
- Effect of GF: the addition of GF increases energy absorption and resilience.
- -
- PP versus UPE: PP becomes more rigid with SiC, which reduces resilience, while UPE compounds become more resistant and have increased resilience with SiC and GF, being particularly high when a mesh is added.
- (d)
- The best material for industrial applications:
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Matrix | Reinforcement | Nomenclature |
---|---|---|
PP | 50 wt% SiC | PP + 50SiC |
50 wt% SiC + 1 wt% GF | PP + 50SiC + 1GF | |
50 wt% SiC + 3 wt% GF | PP + 50SiC + 3GF | |
UPE | 50 wt% SiC | UPE + 50SiC |
50 wt% SiC + 1 wt% GF | UPE + 50SiC + 1GF | |
50 wt% SiC + 3 wt% GF | UPE + 50SiC + 3GF | |
50 wt% SiC + mesh GF | UPE + 50SiC + mesh |
PP Composites | Time (s) |
---|---|
PP + SiC | 65 |
PP + 50SiC + 1GF | 74 |
PP + 50SiC + 3GF | 105 |
UPE Composites | Time until the Flame Passed through the Material(s) |
---|---|
UPE + SiC | 76 |
UPE + 50SiC + 1GF | 101 |
UPE + 50SiC + 3GF | 120 |
UPE + 50SiC + mesh | 430 |
PP Composites | Tm ± 2 (°C) | ΔHm ± 1 (J/g) | Crystallinity (%) |
---|---|---|---|
PP | 175 | 63 | 31 |
PP + 50SiC | 169 | 38 | 37 |
PP + 50SiC + 1GF | 169 | 30 | 30 |
PP + 50SiC + 3GF | 160 | 29 | 30 |
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Abenojar, J.; López de Armentia, S.; Martínez, M.A. Enhancing the Fire Resistance of Ablative Materials: Role of the Polymeric Matrix and Silicon Carbide Reinforcement. Polymers 2024, 16, 2454. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172454
Abenojar J, López de Armentia S, Martínez MA. Enhancing the Fire Resistance of Ablative Materials: Role of the Polymeric Matrix and Silicon Carbide Reinforcement. Polymers. 2024; 16(17):2454. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172454
Chicago/Turabian StyleAbenojar, Juana, Sara López de Armentia, and Miguel Angel Martínez. 2024. "Enhancing the Fire Resistance of Ablative Materials: Role of the Polymeric Matrix and Silicon Carbide Reinforcement" Polymers 16, no. 17: 2454. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172454