Experimental Investigation into the Mechanical and Piezoresistive Sensing Properties of Recycled Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites for Self-Sensing Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Procedure
2.1. Materials
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.3. Methodology
2.3.1. Uniaxial Tensile Test
2.3.2. Piezoresistive Sensing Performance Test
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Mechanical Properties
3.2. Piezoresistive Electrical Properties
3.2.1. Initial Electrical Resistance
3.2.2. Average Maximum Electrical Resistance Change Rate under Cyclic Loading Test
3.2.3. Gauge Factor
3.2.4. Coefficient of Determination
3.2.5. Peak Shift
3.2.6. Averaged Maximum Electrical Resistance Change Rate under Low Fatigue Test
4. Concluding Remarks
- rCF incorporation significantly improved the mechanical properties of the EP composites. The 24 mm rCFRP showed greater tensile strength and modulus of elasticity, whereas the 6 mm rCFRP showed inferior results. The fiber length and mechanical properties exhibited a positive proportional relationship.
- Regardless of the fiber length, the incorporated rCFs exhibited piezoresistive behavior. The conductive filler, rCF, forms a conductive network in the insulating EP composites and enables sensing capabilities. Therefore, the rCFRP composites have the potential to be used as self-sensing structural materials.
- While the 24 mm rCFRP exhibited better electrical conductivity, the 6 mm rCFRP outperformed the piezoresistive performance with higher sensitivity (gauge factor), larger response magnitude (electrical resistance change rate), better linearity (R-squared values), and consistent time-domain sensitivity (peak shift). The fiber length has an inverse relationship with the initial electrical resistance and piezoresistive sensing properties, including the electrical resistance change rate, gauge factor, peak shift, and R-squared value.
- All the composites exhibited stable and consistent electrical responses under cyclic and fatigue loading. The reliability of the rCF-incorporated composites for long-term sensing applications was demonstrated.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Property | Epoxy Resin | Unit |
---|---|---|
Tensile Strength | 72 | MPa |
Tensile Modulus | 3170 | MPa |
Flexural Strength | 125 | MPa |
Compressive Strength | 97 | MPa |
Compressive Modulus | 2377 | MPa |
HDT | 62 | °C |
Viscosity | 450 | mPas @ 25 °C |
Specific Gravity | 1.11 | g/mL @ 25 °C |
Property | Recycled Carbon Fiber | Unit |
---|---|---|
Fiber Diameter | 5.2–6.8 | µm |
Fiber Density | 1.5 | g/cm3 |
Tensile Strength | <3500 | MPa |
Tensile Modulus | <240 | GPa |
Elongation | <1.61 | % |
Carbon Content | <95 | wt.% |
Electrical Resistivity | 1.23 × 10−3 | Ω⋅cm |
Sample Group | Average Thickness [mm] | Standard Deviation |
---|---|---|
6 mm | 2.585 | ±0.261 |
12 mm | 2.567 | ±0.240 |
18 mm | 2.371 | ±0.289 |
24 mm | 1.874 | ±0.493 |
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Kim, B.-J.; Nam, I.-W. Experimental Investigation into the Mechanical and Piezoresistive Sensing Properties of Recycled Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites for Self-Sensing Applications. Polymers 2024, 16, 2491. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172491
Kim B-J, Nam I-W. Experimental Investigation into the Mechanical and Piezoresistive Sensing Properties of Recycled Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites for Self-Sensing Applications. Polymers. 2024; 16(17):2491. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172491
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Bum-Jun, and Il-Woo Nam. 2024. "Experimental Investigation into the Mechanical and Piezoresistive Sensing Properties of Recycled Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites for Self-Sensing Applications" Polymers 16, no. 17: 2491. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16172491