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Polymers
Volume 16
Issue 19
10.3390/polym16192785
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Enhanced Cellulose Extraction from Banana Pseudostem Waste: A Comparative Analysis Using Chemical Methods Assisted by Conventional and Focused Ultrasound

by
Alba N. Ardila A.
1,*,
Erasmo Arriola-Villaseñor
1,
Efraín Enrique Villegas González
1,
Hegnny Estefanía González Guerrero
1,
José Alfredo Hernández-Maldonado
2,
Eduart Gutiérrez-Pineda
3,4 and
Cristian C. Villa
5
1
Research Group on Environmental Catalysis and Renewable Energies (CAMER), Faculty of Sciences and Education, Politécnico Colombiano Jaime Isaza Cadavid, Medellín PC 050022, Colombia
2
Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Guanajuato del Instituto Politécnico Nacional—UPIIG, Av. Mineral de Valenciana 200, Col. Fraccionamiento Industrial Puerto, 36275 Silao, Guanajuato, Mexico
3
Escuela de Ciencias Básicas, Tecnología e Ingeniería (ECBTI), Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia (UNAD), 680001 Bucaramanga, Santander PC 680002, Colombia
4
Agro-Food Research and Development Laboratory (LIDA), UNAD Universidad Nacional Abierta y a Distancia-José Celestino Mutis Campus, Bogotá PC 111511, Colombia
5
Chemistry Program, Faculty of Basic Sciences and Technologies, Universidad de Quindío, Carrera 15 calle 12n, Armenia, Quindío PC 630001, Colombia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Polymers 2024, 16(19), 2785; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16192785
Submission received: 10 September 2024 / Revised: 25 September 2024 / Accepted: 27 September 2024 / Published: 30 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Section Biobased and Biodegradable Polymers)
Versions Notes

Abstract

This study investigates the effectiveness of various chemical methods, both ultrasound-assisted and non-assisted, for extracting cellulose from banana pseudostem (BPS) waste, comparing the results with commercial pine and eucalyptus cellulose fibers. Delignification treatments with NaOH (25% and 30%) and H2O2 (8%) were evaluated, applied with both conventional and focused sonication. Ultrasound-assisted methods, particularly with NaOH, achieved cellulose percentages as high as 99.5%. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that NaOH treatments significantly increased the cellulose crystallinity index, reaching up to 67.9%, surpassing commercial fibers. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that NaOH treatments, especially at 30%, improved fiber morphology and exposure. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) indicated that methods using NaOH and focused sonication enhanced the thermal stability of the cellulose. Compared to commercial fibers, some samples obtained with the proposed methods demonstrated higher purity, yield, and thermal stability, highlighting the effectiveness of ultrasound-assisted and NaOH methods.
Keywords: banana pseudostem waste; chemical treatment; conventional ultrasound treatment; focused ultrasound treatment; cellulose banana pseudostem waste; chemical treatment; conventional ultrasound treatment; focused ultrasound treatment; cellulose

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Ardila A., A.N.; Arriola-Villaseñor, E.; González, E.E.V.; Guerrero, H.E.G.; Hernández-Maldonado, J.A.; Gutiérrez-Pineda, E.; Villa, C.C. Enhanced Cellulose Extraction from Banana Pseudostem Waste: A Comparative Analysis Using Chemical Methods Assisted by Conventional and Focused Ultrasound. Polymers 2024, 16, 2785. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16192785

AMA Style

Ardila A. AN, Arriola-Villaseñor E, González EEV, Guerrero HEG, Hernández-Maldonado JA, Gutiérrez-Pineda E, Villa CC. Enhanced Cellulose Extraction from Banana Pseudostem Waste: A Comparative Analysis Using Chemical Methods Assisted by Conventional and Focused Ultrasound. Polymers. 2024; 16(19):2785. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16192785

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ardila A., Alba N., Erasmo Arriola-Villaseñor, Efraín Enrique Villegas González, Hegnny Estefanía González Guerrero, José Alfredo Hernández-Maldonado, Eduart Gutiérrez-Pineda, and Cristian C. Villa. 2024. "Enhanced Cellulose Extraction from Banana Pseudostem Waste: A Comparative Analysis Using Chemical Methods Assisted by Conventional and Focused Ultrasound" Polymers 16, no. 19: 2785. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16192785

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