Application of Synthetic Consortia for Improvement of Soil Fertility, Pollution Remediation, and Agricultural Productivity: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Synthetic Consortium as Bioremediation Agent of Pesticides
3. Synthetic Consortium as Bioremediation Agent of Heavy Metals
4. Bioengineering of Synthetic Consortia
5. Incorporation of Microbial Communities in Agricultural Nanotechnology
6. Role of Synthetic Consortium in the Improvement of Crop and Soil Properties
7. Role of Synthetic Consortium/Bio-formulation in Plant Disease Management
8. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Synthetic Consortium/ Microorganisms | Test Plant | Impact on Plant Growth/Yield | Effects on Soil Fertility | Soil Microbiological Activity/ Soil Microbiome | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bacillus licheniformis, B. subtilis, B. polymyxa, B. megaterium, B. macerans, P. putida, P. fluorescens, S. cerevisiae, N. orallina, T. viride with Biosolve (humic acid substance) | Blueberry | It increased the shoot and dry weights of plants | It improved the nitrogen and potassium uptake of plants as well as nitrate content in the soil | It changed the composition of the rhizobacterial community in the soil | [143] |
B. thuringiensis-1312 (BT1) B. thuringiensis-1310 (BT2), B. licheniformis (BL) as consortium of vegetative cells and endospores | Oat | It had positive effects on seed germination and enhanced the total dry biomass of plants | - | It colonized plants’ rhizosphere without modifying the overall structure of microbial communities | [123] |
SynCom candidates, Arthhrobacter sp., Enterobacter sp., Brevibacterium sp., Plantibacter sp. | Cotton | It increased the germination, plant height, shoot biomass as well as the number of flowers and yield | It enhanced nitrate content and soil nutrient availability by increasing soil fertility | It triggered the enrichment of bacterial members of the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Cyanobacteria in the rhizosphere. However, a shift in fungal communities was observed with the increase in the relative abundance of Basidiomycota and Chytridiomycota | [17] |
Azotobacter, potassium mobilizing bacteria, zinc solubilizing bacteria, phosphorus solubilizing bacteria, inorganic fertilizers | Wheat | It improved plant growth and increased chlorophyll content was noticed in biofertilizer plus RDF treatments. However, the yield was higher in biofertilizer consortia 2 with RDF | Physical and chemical properties were above critical limits | - | [144] |
P. fluorescens mvp1–4, P. fluorescens 1m1–96, P. fluorescens Q2–87; P. fluorescens Phl1c2, P. protegens Pf-5, P. protegens CHA0, P. kilonensis F113, P. brassicacearum Q8r1-96 | Tomato | It enhanced plant growth | - | It produced changes in the resident community diversity and composition and an increase in the relative abundance of initially rare taxa. However, the beneficial role of microbial consortium can be indirect on diversity and composition. | [145] |
S. rhizophila, R. sphaeroides, B. amyloliquefaciens | Oilseed rape | The use of microbes significantly increased the total N content in plants | The application of microbes-maintained soil fertility | It selectively enhanced the growth of Pseudomonadacea and Flavobacteriaceae as well as the recruitment of diazotrophic rhizobacteria such as members of Cyanobacteria and Actinobacteria in the rhizosphere | [146] |
B. amyloliquefaciens, B. pumilus, B. circulans | Golden kiwi | The application of microbes improved kiwifruit growth | The complex bacterial inoculant was able to increase the availability of N, P, and K contents in soil | - | [147] |
Enterobacter sp., B. megaterium, B. thuringiensis, Bacillus sp. | French lavender | The combined use with sugar beet residue was the most effective in increasing shoot and root dry biomass | It improved the total N content in the soil | It increased the microbiological and biochemical properties | [148] |
Anabaena torulosa used as a matrix for agriculturally useful bacteria (Rhizobium, Azotobacter, Pseudomonas, Serratia) | Wheat | It enhanced plant growth with an increase and the nutrient uptake of wheat | Soil fertility was improved | - | [149] |
T. viride–Bradyrhizobium, T. viride–Azotobacter, T. viride–Bradyrhizobium, Anabaena–T. viride | Mungbean and soybean | The treatment enhanced the fresh and dry weights of plants | It exhibited a high dehydrogenase activity in the soil and nitrogen fixation | The use of microbial treatments enhanced microbial activity in the rhizosphere | [150] |
B. cereus BT23, Lysobacter capsici ZST1-2, L. antibioticus 13-6 | Chinese cabbage | The use of microbes improved plant yield | It decreased soil acidity | The presence of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria was relatively more abundant in rhizosphere and Firmicutes as unique phyla | [151] |
Microbial consortia product (MCP) (EuroChem Agro GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) | Maize | The plant growth was improved and MCP inoculation stimulated root length development | C, N, and P-turnover in the rhizosphere were slightly affected by MCP inoculation, as deduced from extracellular soil enzymes activities | It increased the abundance of bacteria in the rhizosphere and the auxin production capacity of rhizosphere bacteria | [152] |
R. irregularis, P. jessenii, P. synxantha | Wheat | This application improved grain yield in wheat plants | It enhanced the dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities in the soil | Improvement in the PGPR colonization and soil microbiological properties were noted | [153] |
Microbial Consortium/Bio-Formulations | Disease | Pathogen | Mode or Mechanism of Action | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bacillus megaterium-KAU-PSB, B. sporothermodurans-KAU-KSB, A. lipoferum-KAU-AZO and Bioagents T. viride-KAU-TV and P. fluorescens-KAU-PF | Rhizome rot and leaf blight | R. solani | It reduced the rot and blight incidence in ginger | [180] |
Enterobacter amnigenus-A167, Serratia plymuthica-A294, S. rubidaea-H440, S. rubidaea-H469, Rahnella aquatilis-H145 | Soft rot disease | Dickeya spp. and Pectobacterium spp. | Potato disease suppression occurred by induction of biosurfactants, siderophores, and antibiotic compounds | [183] |
T. harzianum-CBF2, P. aeruginosa-DRB1 | Wilt disease | F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense | It induced the production of chitinase and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol in banana | [184] |
T. harzianum-TNHU27, B. subtilis-BHHU100, P. aeruginosa-PJHU15 | White rot | Sclerotinia sclerotiorum | It enhanced oxygen species with induction of systemic resistance in disease management of pea | [185] |
Formulations of T. harzianum-CBF2 and P. aeruginosa-DRB1 | Wilt disease | F. oxysporum F. sp. cubense (Foc-TR4) | Applied formulations increased the defense response in the host through phenolic and proline contents improvements which in turn reduced root damage in banana | [179] |
Bacterial community Rhizobium sp., Stenotrophomonas sp., Advenella sp. and Ochrobactrum sp. | Root rot | F. oxysporum | Plants were protected through the synergistic response of highly abundant bacteria with the inhibition of fungal growth. Less abundant bacteria-induced systemic resistance in Astragalus mongholicus | [178] |
Mixture of B. cereus, B. firmus, P. aeruginosa | Bacterial leaf blight | Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae | The mixture showed a good ability to reduce bacterial blight infection in rice | [186] |
SynCom1 (P. azotoformans-F30A, T. harzianum-T22, B. amyloliquefaciens-CECT 8238), SynCom2 (P. azotoformans-F30A, B. amyloliquefaciens CECT 8238 and CECT 8237, T. harzianum-22 and ESALQ1306, Pseudomonas chlororaphis-MA 342) | Root and foliar pathogen | F. oxysporum and B. cinerea | Both consortia controlled the pathogens effectively under any of the application schemes through induced systemic resistance and direct antagonism in tomato | [161] |
B. firmus-E65 C32b, B. cereus II.14, P. aeruginosa, S. marcescens-E31 | Rice blast, sheath, and bacterial leaf blight | Pyricularia oryzae, R. solani, and X. oryzae pv oryzae | Formulations were effective towards leaf and sheath blight while less effect was observed on rice neck blast disease | [187] |
B. subtilis-SM21, B. cereus-AR156, Serratia sp.-XY21 | Phytophthora blight | Phytophthora capsici | Alternations were observed in the bacterial community of soil in sweet pepper plants | [188] |
B. cereus-MBAA2, B. amyloliquefaciens-MBAA3, P. aeruginosa-MBAA1 | Charcoal and stem rot | Macrophomina phaseolina and S. sclerotiorum | It induced the production of siderophore, ammonia and beta-1,3 glucanase, cellulose, and chitinase enzymes in soybean | [171] |
B. subtilis-SM21, B. cereus-AR156, Serratia sp. -XY21 | Wilt disease | Verticillium dahliae | It induced a systematic resistance and secreted antifungal metabolites in cotton plants | [189] |
P. aeruginosa -LV strain compounds from cell-free supernatant of a bacterial culture. The fraction (F4A) consisted of two main compounds (antibiotic and phenazine-PCN) | Stem rot | Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. Carotovorum | Elicit systemic acquired resistance (SAR) in tomato | [190] |
B. velezensis AP136, B. mojavensis AP209, L. macrolides AP282, B. velezensis AP305 | Black rot | X. campestris pv. Campestris | PGPR strain mixtures had the potential to elicit induced systemic resistance challenged with black rot pathogen in cabbage plants | [191] |
Pseudomonas sp. (PF5, CHA0, Q8R1-96, Q2-87, MVP1-4, 1M1-96, Phl1C227, F113) | Bacterial wilt | Ralstonia solanacearum | It resulted in a competition of resources among bacteria and caused interference with wilt pathogen in tomato | [170] |
Bioformulations of P. fluorescens and B. coagulans | Seedling damping-off disease | R. solani | A reduction in sugar beet mortality disease was observed | [192] |
B. cereus-BT-23, Lysobacter antibioticus-13-6, L. capsici-ZST1-2 | Clubroot disease | Plasmodiophora brassicae | Microbial consortia suppressed the disease incidence by recovering the imbalance in the indigenous microbial community composition | [151] |
P. fluorescens Aur6, Chryseobacterium balustinum Aur9 | Rice blast | Pyricularia oryzae | The disease incidence was reduced by the induction of systemic resistance in rice | [193] |
P. aeruginosa (PHU094), T. harzianum (THU0816), Rhizobium sp. (RL091) | Collar rot | Sclerotium rolfsii | A disease suppression through antioxidant mechanisms was followed by the activation of phenylpropanoid pathway (PPP) and deposition of lignin in chickpea | [194] |
Mixture of Azotobacter chroococcum, B. megaterium, P. fluorescens, B. subtilis, T. harzianum | Wilt | Pythium sp. and Fusarium sp. | It showed growth-promoting and disease-suppressing abilities in cabbage | [195] |
Pantoea vagans-C9-1, P. fluorescens-A506 | Fire blight | E. amylovora | Compatible strain mixtures had greater biological activity suppressing the blight disease in the pear | [107] |
Bacillus sp., B. licheniformis, S. fradiae, P. aeruginosa | Sunflower Necrosis Virus Disease (SNVD) | Sunflower Necrosis Virus (SNV) | The reductions in virus disease symptoms were associated with a concomitant increase in plant growth and ISR enzymes in sunflower | [196] |
Pseudomonas community | Bacterial wilt | R. solanacearum | The density of pathogens in the rhizosphere was reduced along with a reduction in the disease incidence because of resource competition and interference with the pathogen in tomato plants | [170] |
Neem extracts and chitin with P. fluorescens (Pf1) and B. subtilis | Dieback and fruit rot | Colletotrichum capsica | It reduced the fruit rot incidence by the induction of chitinase, peroxidase (POX), β-1,3 glucanase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and accumulation of phenols in chili pepper | [197] |
Isolates of Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp., Streptomyces spp., Trichoderma spp. | Wilt disease | F. oxysporum F. sp. cubense (TR4) | Mixtures of antagonists (synthetic microbial community, SynCom) might provide effective biocontrol against fusarium wilt of banana | [198] |
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Chaudhary, P.; Xu, M.; Ahamad, L.; Chaudhary, A.; Kumar, G.; Adeleke, B.S.; Verma, K.K.; Hu, D.-M.; Širić, I.; Kumar, P.; et al. Application of Synthetic Consortia for Improvement of Soil Fertility, Pollution Remediation, and Agricultural Productivity: A Review. Agronomy 2023, 13, 643. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030643
Chaudhary P, Xu M, Ahamad L, Chaudhary A, Kumar G, Adeleke BS, Verma KK, Hu D-M, Širić I, Kumar P, et al. Application of Synthetic Consortia for Improvement of Soil Fertility, Pollution Remediation, and Agricultural Productivity: A Review. Agronomy. 2023; 13(3):643. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030643
Chicago/Turabian StyleChaudhary, Parul, Miao Xu, Lukman Ahamad, Anuj Chaudhary, Govind Kumar, Bartholomew Saanu Adeleke, Krishan K. Verma, Dian-Ming Hu, Ivan Širić, Pankaj Kumar, and et al. 2023. "Application of Synthetic Consortia for Improvement of Soil Fertility, Pollution Remediation, and Agricultural Productivity: A Review" Agronomy 13, no. 3: 643. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13030643