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Agronomy
Volume 13
Issue 7
10.3390/agronomy13071684
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Article

Antioxidant Potentials of Different Genotypes of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Cultivated in Bulgaria, Southern Europe

by
Milena Tankova Tzanova
1,*,
Tsvetelina Dimitrova Stoilova
2,
Mima Hristova Todorova
1,
Neli Yovcheva Memdueva
1,
Maria Asenova Gerdzhikova
1 and
Neli Hristova Grozeva
1
1
Faculty of Agriculture, Trakia University, Studentski Grad Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
2
Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, Agriculture Academy, 2 Drugba Street, 4122 Sadovo, Bulgaria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agronomy 2023, 13(7), 1684; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071684
Submission received: 19 May 2023 / Revised: 15 June 2023 / Accepted: 20 June 2023 / Published: 22 June 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Plant-Crop Biology and Biochemistry)
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Abstract

Recently, there has been a growing interest in protein-rich foods and functional foods, as well as plants characterized by high levels of drought resistance. Vigna unguiculata L. Walp. from the Fabaceae family, also known as cowpea, was chosen as the subject of the present study. The antioxidant potentials of 15 genotypes cultivated in Bulgaria, Southern Europe, were determined. The research focused on the green mass used as feed and on the seeds used as an “ancient” traditional crop. The total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), radical scavenging capacity, determined via the DPPH method, and crude protein content were measured. The seed coat extracts showed higher contents of phenolics (291.0 ± 4.6 mgGAE/g) and flavonoids (83.5 ± 1.1 mgCE/g) and a stronger radical scavenging capacity (50.4 ± 0.7 µmolTE/g) than those obtained from the leaves (22.0 ± 0.5 mgGAE/g, 13.7 ± 0.5 mgCE/g, and 19.7 ± 0.6 µmolTE/g, respectively). The protein content in the seeds ranged from 20.5% to 27.0%. According to the obtained results, the cowpea genotypes with dark-colored seed coats showed greater antioxidant potentials but lower protein contents. Due to its high antioxidant content, strong radical scavenging capacity, and high protein content, V. unguiculata L. shows great potential as a functional food for humans and animals.
Keywords: cowpea; functional food; legumes; radical scavenging capacity; total flavonoid content; total phenolic content; Vigna unguiculata L. Walp cowpea; functional food; legumes; radical scavenging capacity; total flavonoid content; total phenolic content; Vigna unguiculata L. Walp

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tzanova, M.T.; Stoilova, T.D.; Todorova, M.H.; Memdueva, N.Y.; Gerdzhikova, M.A.; Grozeva, N.H. Antioxidant Potentials of Different Genotypes of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Cultivated in Bulgaria, Southern Europe. Agronomy 2023, 13, 1684. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071684

AMA Style

Tzanova MT, Stoilova TD, Todorova MH, Memdueva NY, Gerdzhikova MA, Grozeva NH. Antioxidant Potentials of Different Genotypes of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Cultivated in Bulgaria, Southern Europe. Agronomy. 2023; 13(7):1684. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071684

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tzanova, Milena Tankova, Tsvetelina Dimitrova Stoilova, Mima Hristova Todorova, Neli Yovcheva Memdueva, Maria Asenova Gerdzhikova, and Neli Hristova Grozeva. 2023. "Antioxidant Potentials of Different Genotypes of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Cultivated in Bulgaria, Southern Europe" Agronomy 13, no. 7: 1684. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071684

APA Style

Tzanova, M. T., Stoilova, T. D., Todorova, M. H., Memdueva, N. Y., Gerdzhikova, M. A., & Grozeva, N. H. (2023). Antioxidant Potentials of Different Genotypes of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) Cultivated in Bulgaria, Southern Europe. Agronomy, 13(7), 1684. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071684

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