Impacts of Different Long-Term Fertilizer Management Regimes on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization and Its Enzyme Activities under a Double-Cropping Rice System in Southern China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Experimental Sites
2.2. Experimental Design
2.3. Soil Sampling
2.4. Soil Laboratory Analysis
2.4.1. Chemical Characteristics and Acid-Hydrolysable N Fractions in Soil
2.4.2. Soil N Mineralization Rate
2.4.3. Extracellular Enzyme Activities in Soil
2.4.4. Rice Yield
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Soil Acid-Hydrolysable N Fractions
3.2. Soil Chemical Property and Soil Nitrogen Mineralization
3.3. Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities
3.4. Correlation between Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities and Soil Properties
3.5. Correlation among Soil N Mineralization and Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities, Soil Acid-Hydrolysable N Fractions
3.6. Rice Yield
4. Discussion
4.1. Effects of Fertilization on Soil Acid-Hydrolysable N Fractions and N Mineralization
4.2. Effects of Fertilization on Extracellular Enzyme Activities in Soil
4.3. Correlation between Soil N Mineralization Rate and Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities, Acid-Hydrolysable N Fractions
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SOC (g kg−1) | Total N (g kg−1) | Available N (mg kg−1) | Total P (g kg−1) | Available P (mg kg−1) | Total K (g kg−1) | Available K (mg kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
29.4 | 2.0 | 144.1 | 0.59 | 12.87 | 20.6 | 33.0 |
Treatments | ASN | AAN | AN | HUN | TAHN |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MF | 55.67 ± 1.79 b | 446.81 ± 15.93 c | 582.63 ± 21.21 b | 698.54 ± 19.14 b | 1783.65 ± 62.12 b |
RF | 57.24 ± 1.65 ab | 653.17 ± 12.89 a | 696.05 ± 20.09 a | 663.07 ± 23.16 c | 2069.53 ± 59.74 a |
OM | 62.35 ± 1.61 a | 552.04 ± 18.85 b | 734.92 ± 16.81 a | 802.62 ± 20.16 a | 2151.93 ± 51.48 a |
CK | 51.02 ± 1.47 c | 401.36 ± 11.58 c | 533.14 ± 15.39 b | 628.43 ± 18.14 d | 1613.95 ± 46.59 c |
Treatments | pH | Total P (g kg−1) | NO3−-N (g kg−1) | NH4+-N (g kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|
MF | 6.29 ± 0.17 ab | 0.87 ± 0.07 c | 0.16 ± 0.01 c | 0.14 ± 0.01 c |
RF | 6.68 ± 0.17 a | 1.07 ± 0.09 b | 0.21 ± 0.01 b | 0.19 ± 0.01 b |
OM | 6.77 ± 0.18 a | 1.61 ± 0.09 a | 0.25 ± 0.01 a | 0.22 ± 0.01 a |
CK | 6.19 ± 0.16 b | 0.55 ± 0.02 d | 0.12 ± 0.01 d | 0.11 ± 0.01 d |
Treatments | Total N (g kg−1) | SOC (g kg−1) | C:N | N Mineralization Rates (mg N kg−1 day−1) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aerobic | Anaerobic | ||||
MF | 2.02 ± 0.09 c | 20.35 ± 0.82 c | 10.07 ± 0.29 a | 0.48 ± 0.02 c | 1.04 ± 0.04 b |
RF | 2.31 ± 0.07 b | 23.74 ± 0.76 b | 10.28 ± 0.29 a | 0.54 ± 0.02 b | 1.15 ± 0.03 a |
OM | 3.05 ± 0.06 a | 29.56 ± 0.67 a | 9.69 ± 0.26 a | 0.59 ± 0.02 a | 1.23 ± 0.03 a |
CK | 1.88 ± 0.05 c | 19.31 ± 0.53 d | 10.27 ± 0.28 a | 0.27 ± 0.01 d | 0.86 ± 0.02 c |
Treatments | β-Glucosaminidase (μg PNP g−1 Dry Soil h−1) | β-Glucosidase (μg PNP g−1 Dry Soil h−1) | L-Glutaminase (mg N g−1 Dry Soil h−1) | Urease (μg NH4+-N g−1 Dry Soil h−1) | Arylamidase (μg β-Napthylamine g−1 Dry Soil h−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
MF | 41.63 ± 1.77 b | 23.07 ± 0.91 b | 3.24 ± 0.16 c | 27.17 ± 1.09 b | 20.06 ± 0.84 c |
RF | 57.25 ± 1.65 a | 29.64 ± 0.85 a | 4.38 ± 0.12 b | 40.36 ± 0.78 a | 23.17 ± 0.66 b |
OM | 61.36 ± 1.20 a | 31.65 ± 0.66 a | 5.62 ± 0.09 a | 37.82 ± 1.16 a | 29.32 ± 0.57 a |
CK | 30.81 ± 0.88 c | 16.35 ± 0.47 c | 1.66 ± 0.06 d | 20.15 ± 0.58 c | 16.85 ± 0.48 d |
Soil Enzyme Activities | Soil N | SOC | C:N | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|
β-glucosaminidase | 0.81 ** | 0.84 ** | 0.21 | −0.26 |
β-glucosidase | 0.41 | 0.75 ** | 0.63 * | −0.15 |
L-glutaminase | −0.20 | −0.31 | −0.22 | 0.08 |
Urease | −0.06 | −0.23 | −0.17 | 0.27 |
Arylamidase | 0.31 | 0.36 | −0.16 | −0.60 * |
Investigate Items | Soil N Mineralization Rates (mg N kg−1 d−1) | |
---|---|---|
Aerobic | Anaerobic | |
Soil β-glucosaminidase | −0.65 * | −0.61 * |
Soil β-glucosidase | −0.59 * | −0.14 |
Soil L-glutaminase | 0.82 ** | 0.63 * |
Soil urease | −0.47 | −0.65 * |
Soil arylamidase | 0.51 | 0.36 |
ASN | 0.73 * | 0.70 * |
AAN | 0.85 ** | 0.82 ** |
AN | 0.58 | 0.53 |
HUN | 0.56 | 0.50 |
TAHN | 0.93 ** | 0.87 ** |
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Tang, H.; Cheng, K.; Shi, L.; Wen, L.; Li, C.; Li, W.; Xiao, X. Impacts of Different Long-Term Fertilizer Management Regimes on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization and Its Enzyme Activities under a Double-Cropping Rice System in Southern China. Agronomy 2023, 13, 1702. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071702
Tang H, Cheng K, Shi L, Wen L, Li C, Li W, Xiao X. Impacts of Different Long-Term Fertilizer Management Regimes on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization and Its Enzyme Activities under a Double-Cropping Rice System in Southern China. Agronomy. 2023; 13(7):1702. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071702
Chicago/Turabian StyleTang, Haiming, Kaikai Cheng, Lihong Shi, Li Wen, Chao Li, Weiyan Li, and Xiaoping Xiao. 2023. "Impacts of Different Long-Term Fertilizer Management Regimes on Soil Nitrogen Mineralization and Its Enzyme Activities under a Double-Cropping Rice System in Southern China" Agronomy 13, no. 7: 1702. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13071702