Boosting Drought Tolerance in Tomatoes through Stimulatory Action of Salicylic Acid Imparted Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Planting Material and Experimental Layout
2.2. Preparation of Salicylic Acid Solution for Foliar Application
2.3. Assessment of Morphological Parameters
2.4. Assessment of Physiological Parameters
2.4.1. Leaf Membrane Stability Index
2.4.2. Leaf Relative Water Content
2.5. Assessment of Biochemical Parameters
2.5.1. Lipid Peroxidation
2.5.2. Antioxidant Enzyme Activity
2.6. Gene Expression Analysis
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Result
3.1. Morphological Parameters
3.1.1. Plant Height
3.1.2. Leaf Area
3.1.3. Shoot Fresh and Dry Weight
3.1.4. Root Fresh and Dry Weight
3.2. Physiological Parameters
3.2.1. Leaf Membrane Stability Index (LMSI%)
3.2.2. Leaf Relative Water Content (%)
3.2.3. Lipid Peroxidation (MDA nmol g−1 fw)
3.2.4. Anti-Oxidant Enzyme Activity
3.3. Anti-Oxidant Genes Expression Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Primer Name | Sequence | Annealing Temp. (°C) |
---|---|---|
β-actin (F) | TTGACTGAGGCACCACTTAACCCT | 68.7 |
β-actin (R) | GCTTTCAGGTGGTGCAACGACTTT | 71.0 |
SOD (F) | CACGTCTTCAAAGCAAGTGG | 63.5 |
SOD (R) | CTAAGAAGAAGGGCATTCTTTGGCAT | 68.7 |
CAT (F) | GATGAGCACACTTTGGAGCA | 64.1 |
CAT (R) | TGCC CTTCTATTGTGGTTCC | 63.8 |
APX (F) | GAAACTCAGAGGACTCATTGCTGAGAAGAATTG | 72.9 |
APX (R) | GAAACTGCTCCCTAATGGGCTCCAAGAG | 73.9 |
Treatments | Plant Height (cm) | Leaf Area (cm2) | Stem Fresh Weight (g) | Stem Dry Weight (g) | Root Fresh Weight (g) | Root Dry Weight (g) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
T0-Control | 79.72 ± 1.03 a | 1651.93 ± 0.17 a | 26.70 ± 0.473 a | 13.1 ± 0.14 a | 17.42 ± 0.09 e | 1.96 ± 0.01 f |
T1-Drought | 52.40 ± 0.47 e | 1340.92 ± 0.35 f | 18.52 ± 0.012 d | 8.37 ± 0.98 ae | 19.99 ± 0.06 | 2.10 ± 0.08 e |
T2-100 mg L−1 + Drought | 53.90 ± 0.47 d | 1356.05 ± 0.42 e | 19.66 ± 0.018 c | 9.63 ± 0.01 d | 24.42 ± 0.09 c | 2.63 ± 0.00 d |
T3-150 mg L−1 + Drought | 64.9 ± 0.38 c | 1562.97 ± 0.69 d | 24.54 ± 0.012 b | 12.55 ± 0.0 c | 26.46 ± 0.00 | 3.11 ± 0.00 c |
T4-200 mg L−1 + Drought | 72.0 ± 0.45 b | 1640.02 ± 0.47 c | 26.85 ± 0.012 a | 12.84 ± 0.0 b | 27.35 ± 0.12 a | 3.22 ± 0.01 b |
T5-250 mg L−1 + Drought | 72.11 ± 0.46 b | 1649.97 ± 0.63 b | 26.77 ± 0.018 a | 13.11 ± 0.0 a | 27.57 ± 0.38 a | 3.36 ± 0.01 a |
Treatments | LMSI (%) | LRWC (%) | Lipid Peroxidation (nmol g−1 fw) |
---|---|---|---|
T0-Control | 46.92 ± 0.09 d | 73.92 ± 0.09 a | 0.67 ± 0.0 f |
T1-Drought | 40.05 ± 0.10 f | 58.10 ± 0.08 f | 2.36 ± 0.0 a |
T2-100 mg L−1 + Drought | 43.52 ± 0.01 e | 62.10 ± 0.08 e | 1.97 ± 0.0 b |
T3-150 mg L−1 + Drought | 48.14 ± 0.01 b | 66.92 ± 0.09 d | 1.12 ± 0.0 c |
T4-200 mg L−1 + Drought | 48.25 ± 0.01 a | 70.14 ± 0.00 c | 0.98 ± 0.0 e |
T5-250 mg L−1 + Drought | 47.13 ± 0.01 c | 71.58 ± 0.00 b | 1.10 ± 0.0 d |
Treatments | Superoxide Dismutase (Unit min−1 g−1 FW) | Ascorbate Peroxidase (μmol min−1 mg−1 FW) | Catalase (μmol min−1 mg−1 FW) |
---|---|---|---|
Control | 24.10 ± 0.08 e | 117.94 ± 0.87 f | 31.92 ± 0.43 f |
Drought | 27.13 ± 0.12 d | 120.59 ± 0.91 e | 34.57 ± 0.54 e |
Drought + 100 mg L−1 | 28.29 ± 0.12 c | 134.90 ± 0.95 d | 49.52 ± 0.71 d |
Drought + 150 mg L−1 | 30.08 ± 0.11 b | 148.7 ± 0.68 c | 62.69 ± 0.50 c |
Drought + 200 mg L−1 | 30.95 ± 0.50 a | 152.86 ± 0.22 b | 75.39 ± 0.47 b |
Drought + 250 mg L−1 | 31.23 ± 0.01 a | 172.28 ± 0.53 a | 89.16 ± 0.79 a |
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Rai, G.K.; Magotra, I.; Khanday, D.M.; Choudhary, S.M.; Bhatt, A.; Gupta, V.; Rai, P.K.; Kumar, P. Boosting Drought Tolerance in Tomatoes through Stimulatory Action of Salicylic Acid Imparted Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms. Agronomy 2024, 14, 1227. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14061227
Rai GK, Magotra I, Khanday DM, Choudhary SM, Bhatt A, Gupta V, Rai PK, Kumar P. Boosting Drought Tolerance in Tomatoes through Stimulatory Action of Salicylic Acid Imparted Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms. Agronomy. 2024; 14(6):1227. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14061227
Chicago/Turabian StyleRai, Gyanendra Kumar, Isha Magotra, Danish Mushtaq Khanday, Sadiya M. Choudhary, Anil Bhatt, Vinod Gupta, Pradeep Kumar Rai, and Pradeep Kumar. 2024. "Boosting Drought Tolerance in Tomatoes through Stimulatory Action of Salicylic Acid Imparted Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms" Agronomy 14, no. 6: 1227. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14061227