This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Open AccessArticle
The Expression of Genes Involved in Synthesis of Bitter Acids and Xanthohumol and the Content of These Compounds in Aroma and Bitter Hop under Reduced Nitrogen Fertilisation
by
Anna Czubacka
Anna Czubacka *
,
Urszula Skomra
Urszula Skomra
,
Monika Agacka-Mołdoch
Monika Agacka-Mołdoch and
Marta Koziara-Ciupa
Marta Koziara-Ciupa
Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation—State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Agronomy 2024, 14(8), 1680; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081680 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 3 July 2024
/
Revised: 26 July 2024
/
Accepted: 29 July 2024
/
Published: 30 July 2024
Abstract
Hop (Humulus lupulus) is cultivated for industrial purposes, primarily for brewing, but also for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications. The hop cones are valued for their secondary metabolites, including bitter acids and prenylflavonoids. The objective of the presented study was to investigate the impact of reducing nitrogen fertilisation on the activity of genes involved in the production of bitter acids and xanthohumol in cultivars Lubelski (aroma) and Magnat (bitter) grown in the field. Furthermore, the content of these compounds was determined. The results demonstrated that the majority of studied genes were expressed at a similar level despite the reduction in the nitrogen dose by 25–30%. Nitrogen dose influenced the activity of genes BCAT2, HS1, and PAL. Moreover, the differences in gene expression were observed between cultivars and developmental stages. The reduction in nitrogen dose did not result in a reduction in secondary metabolite content. The content of alpha and beta acids in Magnat was approximately 14.8% and 3.2%, respectively, while in Lubelski it was approximately 7.7% and 5.8%, respectively. The content of xanthohumol in both cultivars was approximately 0.7%.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Czubacka, A.; Skomra, U.; Agacka-Mołdoch, M.; Koziara-Ciupa, M.
The Expression of Genes Involved in Synthesis of Bitter Acids and Xanthohumol and the Content of These Compounds in Aroma and Bitter Hop under Reduced Nitrogen Fertilisation. Agronomy 2024, 14, 1680.
https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081680
AMA Style
Czubacka A, Skomra U, Agacka-Mołdoch M, Koziara-Ciupa M.
The Expression of Genes Involved in Synthesis of Bitter Acids and Xanthohumol and the Content of These Compounds in Aroma and Bitter Hop under Reduced Nitrogen Fertilisation. Agronomy. 2024; 14(8):1680.
https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081680
Chicago/Turabian Style
Czubacka, Anna, Urszula Skomra, Monika Agacka-Mołdoch, and Marta Koziara-Ciupa.
2024. "The Expression of Genes Involved in Synthesis of Bitter Acids and Xanthohumol and the Content of These Compounds in Aroma and Bitter Hop under Reduced Nitrogen Fertilisation" Agronomy 14, no. 8: 1680.
https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14081680
Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details
here.
Article Metrics
Article metric data becomes available approximately 24 hours after publication online.