Dynamics of Growth and Galanthamine Biosynthesis in Hippeastrum papilio (Ravena) Van Sheepen Hydroponic Culture
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Material
2.2. Cultivation and Experimental Design
2.3. Phytochemical Analysis
2.3.1. Sample Preparation
2.3.2. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry
2.3.3. Quantification of Galanthamine and Haemanthamine
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Effects of Age and Fertilizers on Galanthamine and Biomass Accumulation
3.2. Dynamics of Galanthamine and Biomass Accumulation
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fertilizer I | Fertilizer II | Fertilizer III | |
---|---|---|---|
Macronutrient | g/L | g/L | g/L |
KNO3 | 0.0 | 22.2 | 50.1 |
KH2PO4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 |
MgSO4-7H2O | 61.2 | 61.2 | 61.2 |
K2SO4 | 20.7 | 49.6 | 24.1 |
Ca(NO3)2 | 57.9 | 57.9 | 78.9 |
CaCl2 | 9.4 | 13.9 | 13.9 |
Micronutrient | mg/L | mg/L | mg/L |
Borax | 165.9 | 165.9 | 165.9 |
MnSO4-H2O | 177.4 | 177.4 | 177.4 |
CuSO4-5H2O | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 |
Na2MoO4-2H2O | 12.6 | 12.6 | 12.6 |
ZnSO4-H2O | 145.1 | 145.1 | 145.1 |
Fe chelate (DTPA) | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
(A) | Age 0 | Age 1 | Age 2 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fertilizer | I | II | III | I | II | III | I | II | III |
Roots | 25 ± 8 | 17 ± 8 | 21 ± 11 | 110 ± 58 | 64 ± 18 | 83 ± 23 | 116 ± 28 | 114 ± 47 | 90 ± 27 |
Bulbs | 142 ± 49 | 125 ± 52 | 214 ± 149 | 624 ± 266 | 520 ± 99 | 655 ± 207 | 677 ± 132 | 712 ± 105 | 592 ± 142 |
Leaves | 109 ± 36 | 125 ± 54 | 218 ± 134 | 492 ± 91 | 417 ± 91 | 403 ± 143 | 343 ± 76 | 392 ± 54 | 324 ± 92 |
Total | 275 ± 92 | 267 ± 114 | 453 ± 292 | 1226 ± 580 | 1000 ± 196 | 1141 ± 368 | 1136 ± 227 | 1217 ± 136 | 1006 ± 235 |
(B) | Age 0 | Age 1 | Age 2 | ||||||
Fertilizer | I | II | III | I | II | III | I | II | III |
Roots | 167 ± 96 | 82 ± 75 | 113 ± 40 | 983 ± 405 | 665 ± 136 | 722 ± 240 | 874 ± 313 | 869 ± 254 | 622 ± 55 |
Bulbs | 623 ± 214 | 566 ± 286 | 1043 ± 708 | 3650 ± 2213 | 2704 ± 670 | 3510 ± 1160 | 3816 ± 988 * | 2386 ± 270 | 2452 ± 462 |
Leaves | 598 ± 162 | 470 ± 387 | 759 ± 554 | 1558 ± 759 | 1469 ± 235 | 1567 ± 647 | 1559 ± 248 | 1268 ± 354 | 1125 ± 215 |
Total | 1388 ± 440 | 1118 ± 691 | 1915 ± 1269 | 6191 ± 3275 | 4838 ± 724 | 5799 ± 1884 | 6249 ± 1487 | 4523 ± 559 | 4198 ± 631 |
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Haist, G.; Sidjimova, B.; Denev, R.; Bastida, J.; Berkov, S. Dynamics of Growth and Galanthamine Biosynthesis in Hippeastrum papilio (Ravena) Van Sheepen Hydroponic Culture. Agronomy 2024, 14, 2115. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14092115
Haist G, Sidjimova B, Denev R, Bastida J, Berkov S. Dynamics of Growth and Galanthamine Biosynthesis in Hippeastrum papilio (Ravena) Van Sheepen Hydroponic Culture. Agronomy. 2024; 14(9):2115. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14092115
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaist, Gabriela, Borjana Sidjimova, Rumen Denev, Jaume Bastida, and Strahil Berkov. 2024. "Dynamics of Growth and Galanthamine Biosynthesis in Hippeastrum papilio (Ravena) Van Sheepen Hydroponic Culture" Agronomy 14, no. 9: 2115. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14092115