Cells, Volume 14, Issue 18

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains one of the most aggressive and treatment-resistant forms. TNBC is an aggressive and therapeutically resistant subtype of breast cancer, marked by the absence of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors....

The recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of oral squamous carcinoma (OSCC) affects significant cancer invasion; however, in the normal host tissue that is located in the cancer’s surrounding are...

Neural function relies on tightly regulated lipid metabolism to sustain membrane integrity, synaptic signaling, and energy production. Myelinating glia, particularly Schwann cells, require continuous lipid flux to build and maintain myelin, rendering...

Adenosine receptor (AR) antagonists have attracted considerable interest due to their therapeutic potential in a wide range of pathological conditions, including neurological, cardiovascular, and inflammatory disorders. Although a large number of AR...

Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is a chronic disorder marked by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, mood disturbances, and cognitive impairments. Current treatments primarily focus on symptom management. Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera), a traditio...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Lewy Body Dementia (LBD) are defined by accumulation of alpha-synuclein (Asyn) fibrils within Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs). The development of a Positron Emission Tomography (PET) tracer for quantifying...

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have redefined cancer immunotherapy, offering unparalleled flexibility to encode tumor-specific antigens and to be adapted to individual mutational landscapes. Melanoma, with its high mutational burden and responsiveness...

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is an invasive infectious disease caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), which is detrimental to the production of cattle. LSDV encodes about 156 proteins, most of whose functions are still unknown. In this study, we...

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that significantly impacts the lives of patients and their families. The pathological features of AD include the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) and Tau, which disrupt neuronal f...

Pericytes produce vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A; hereafter referred to as VEGF). VEGF inhibits pericyte proliferation and migration through enhanced VEGFR2 and PDGFRβ heterodimerization. Heterodimerization of these receptors on pe...

Methamphetamine (METH) is an extremely addictive drug which continues to cause significant harm to individuals and communities. In the present study we trained male rats to self-administer METH for 20 days, followed by 9 days of foot shock exposure....

Anthracyclines are widely used chemotherapeutic agents with proven efficacy against a broad range of malignancies, but their clinical utility is limited by a well-documented, dose-dependent cardiotoxicity. While this toxicity has traditionally been a...

Atherosclerosis (AS), a major contributor to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and stroke, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) 3-13, W3R6, and chensinin-1b were engineered based on the sequence of...

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a major cause of mortality and disability worldwide, particularly affecting young adults and elderly populations. This study investigates the neuroprotective potential of orlistat (ORL), a gastrointestinal lipa...

The selection of the most suitable embryo, based on the morphology and shape, for embryo transfer is a critical aspect of the in vitro fertilization (IVF) process, as its precision can significantly enhance the overall effectiveness of IVF and contri...

The emergence of purinergic signaling has given ATP and other extracellular nucleotides a whole new perspective. This concept refers to the fact that extracellular nucleotides released by most cells act as signaling molecules via specific membrane re...

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) and hereditary ataxias (HA) are clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorders that primarily affect motor coordination and neural integrity. Despite distinct pathological features, such as py...

Beyond well-known genetic drivers, microRNA dysregulation has emerged as a key contributor to thyroid tumorigenesis. Central to this process is Dicer1, a ribonuclease essential for microRNA maturation, whose expression is often reduced in papillary t...

Cancer cell plasticity, defined as the ability of tumor cells to reversibly adopt distinct functional states, plays a central role in tumor heterogeneity, therapy resistance, and disease relapse. This process enables cells to enter stem-like, dormant...

Expansion microscopy (ExM) enables conventional light microscopes to achieve nanoscale resolution by physically enlarging biological specimens. While ExM has been widely applied in neurobiology, it has not been adapted for the enteric nervous system...

Nucleoporin 214 (NUP214) is a component of the nucleopore molecular complex, but in addition to this role in nucleocytoplasmic transport it is also involved in the regulation of gene transcription/translation, intracellular signaling, cell cycle prog...

Background: The disialoganglioside GD2, located at the plasma membrane, is selectively overexpressed in various solid tumors, where it contributes to tumor growth and the development of an aggressive tumor phenotype. Thus, over the last two decades G...

Pathogenic variants in ODAD4 are an ultra-rare cause of primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Previously reported cases display classic disease phenotypes, including chronic oto-sino-pulmonary disease and development of bronchiectasis by adulthood. We re...

The Hebbian type of spike timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) with long-term potentiation and depression (LTP and LTD) plays a crucial role at layer 4 (L4) to L2/3 synapses in deprivation-induced map plasticity. In addition, plasticity at the L2/3 hor...

Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with a highly immunosuppressive microenvironment that promotes tumor progression and therapy resistance. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), comprising up to 50% of the tumor mass, are recruited via ch...

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease, is characterized by progressive degeneration of motor neurons and accumulation of TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) in the brain. Increasing evidence indicates that aberration...

ATHB1, an Arabidopsis thaliana homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) transcription factor, is involved in the control of leaf development and hypocotyl elongation under short-day conditions. As growth adaptation to environmental conditions is essential...

This review examines how diabetes affects the ganglion cells of the retina, including the axons that make up the optic nerve. Links between established changes in the morphology of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and vision loss, as well as other funct...

Opioid-use disorder (OUD) poses a growing global health crisis, with chronic opioid exposure linked not only to addiction but also to enduring neurological impairments. While traditional research has focused primarily on neuronal alterations, emergin...

Over the past decade, cellular immunotherapy has emerged as a transformative strategy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), with dendritic-cell (DC) vaccines, T-cell vaccines, and natural killer (NK)-cell therapies demonstrating distinct mechanisms...

Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy is a life-threatening complication lacking targeted therapies. While empagliflozin (Empa), a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor, confers robust cardioprotection, its specific efficacy in treating sepsis-ind...

Background: Chronic inflammation drives colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, with PAR-2, a G-protein coupled receptor, linking extracellular inflammatory signals to tumor-promoting pathways via ERK1/2 phosphorylation, calcium mobilization, TNF-&alpha...

Objective: Obesity induces hypothyroidism with unknown mechanisms. This study investigates the role of (Receptor for Hyaluronan-Mediated Motility (RHAMM) in obesity-associated thyroid dysfunction, focusing on hepatic oxidative stress. Methods: Global...

The immune landscape plays an important role in various pituitary diseases, ranging from hypophysitis to pituitary neuroendocrine tumors. Moreover, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has dramatically altered the landscape of cancer treatm...

Molecular chaperones, especially Heat Shock Proteins (HSPs), play complex, context-dependent roles in cancer, particularly in nervous system (NS) tumors like glioblastoma (GBM) and neuroblastoma (NB). They are often upregulated, promoting tumor growt...

Aberrant protein–protein interactions (PPIs) underpin a plethora of human diseases, and disruption of these harmful interactions constitute a compelling treatment avenue. Advances in computational approaches to PPI prediction have closely follo...

Hematopoiesis is a complex process of creating new hemocytes and releasing them from hematopoietic tissue. In the present study, the hematopoietic site in oyster Crassostrea gigas was successfully identified in the proximal sector (designated G2&ndas...

The regulation of T cell-mediated immune responses is essential for maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune diseases. In multiple sclerosis (MS), impaired immunoregulatory control allows autoreactive T cells to persist, as effector T...

Fear memory is a critical adaptive process that enables organisms to avoid potential threats and survive in complex environments. Traditionally viewed as a neuronal phenomenon, emerging evidence has demonstrated that astrocytes play a fundamental rol...

Background: Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is considered one of the major risk factors involved in the development of delayed graft function that significantly impacts both the early and long-term function of allografts due to its harmful effects...

Chronic inflammatory skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and hidradenitis suppurativa are systemic conditions marked by persistent immune activation. Growing evidence links them to molecular and vascular ageing, including oxidative st...

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe neuromuscular disease caused by mutations in the DMD gene, leading to muscle degeneration and shortened life expectancy. Beyond motor symptoms, DMD patients frequently exhibit brain co-morbidities, linked...

The Complement C3a Receptor (C3aR) plays a multifaceted role along the varying temporal phases of brain injury following cerebral ischemia. C3aR is a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that binds to its ligand, C3a an anaphylatoxin generated during ac...

The mammalian epidermis forms a critical barrier against environmental insults and water loss. The formation of its outermost layer, the stratum corneum, involves a rapid terminal differentiation process that has traditionally been explained by the &...

RHOA, a member of the Rho family of small GTPases, harbors recurrent mutations in diverse cancers, but how these mutations cause their cellular effects remains poorly understood. To investigate their cellular consequences, we expressed oncogenic RHOA...

Heat stroke (HS) is a life-threatening condition that leads to neuronal injury, particularly in the prefrontal cortex, though its mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we established a rat HS model and observed significant inflammatory responses...

Animal and cellular models harboring SNCA gene mutations have been instrumental in synucleinopathy, but faithful human brain models remain limited. Here, we report the development of a human cerebral organoid (CO) model of synucleinopathy carrying th...

Crohn’s disease (CD), also known as terminal ileitis, has been the focus of gastroenterological diagnostics and therapy for decades. Although significant therapeutic progress has been made in recent years, largely due to an improved understandi...

Neonatal rodent cardiomyocytes (CMs) are a mainstay of in vitro cardiac research, yet their immature phenotype limits the study of key physiological processes such as excitation–contraction coupling (ECC) and sympathetic modulation. Here, we pr...

Mitochondrial dysfunction is a key pathological hallmark in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), yet the role of circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (Cf-mtDNA) as a biomarker remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate serum Cf-mtDNA levels...