The Effect of DNA Methylation in the Development and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in the General Population: An Epigenome-Wide Association Study Using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Database
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. DNA Methylation Profiling
2.3. Analysis Regarding Incidence and Progression of CKD
2.4. Statistical Analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) Pathway Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Baseline Characteristics
3.2. Baseline Methylation Profiles Associated with CKD Development in 8 Years (CKD Prediction Analysis)
3.3. Relationship between Methylation and eGFR Changes over Time (Kidney Function Slope Analysis)
3.4. Functional Enrichment Features and Common Significant CpG Sites in CKD Prediction and Kidney Function Slope Analyses
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Baseline Variables | Values |
---|---|
Age, years [M ± SE] | 52.1 ± 8.4 |
Female sex, [abs (%)] | 215 (48.9) |
Body mass index, kg/m2 [M ± SE] | 24.6 ± 3.4 |
Smoking tobacco, [abs (%)] | |
Current | 121 (27.5) |
Ex | 65 (14.8) |
Never | 245 (55.7) |
No response | 9 (2.1) |
Alcohol consumption, [abs (%)] | |
Current | 218 (49.6) |
Ex | 30 (6.8) |
Never | 186 (42.3) |
No response | 6 (1.4) |
Hypertension, [abs (%)] | 63 (14.3) |
Diabetes mellitus, [abs (%)] | 43 (9.8) |
Dyslipidemia, [abs (%)] | 7 (1.6) |
Myocardial infarction, [abs (%)] | 1 (0.2) |
Congestive heart failure, [abs (%)] | 1 (0.2) |
Cerebrovascular disease, [abs (%)] | 4 (0.9) |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg [M ± SE] | 121.9 ± 17.8 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg [M ± SE] | 81.2 ± 11.2 |
eGFR CKD-EPI, mL/min/1.73 m2 [M ± SE] | 91.8 ± 12.8 |
Serum blood urea nitrogen, mg/dL [M ± SE] | 14.4 ± 3.4 |
Serum creatinine, mg/dL [M ± SE] | 0.85 ± 0.17 |
Serum total cholesterol, mg/dL [M ± SE] | 193.3 ± 35.0 |
Blood hemoglobin, g/dL [M ± SE] | 13.7 ± 1.6 |
Serum albumin, g/dL [M ± SE] | 4.3 ± 0.4 |
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Kim, J.-E.; Jo, M.-J.; Cho, E.; Ahn, S.-Y.; Kwon, Y.-J.; Gim, J.-A.; Ko, G.-J. The Effect of DNA Methylation in the Development and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in the General Population: An Epigenome-Wide Association Study Using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Database. Genes 2023, 14, 1489. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14071489
Kim J-E, Jo M-J, Cho E, Ahn S-Y, Kwon Y-J, Gim J-A, Ko G-J. The Effect of DNA Methylation in the Development and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in the General Population: An Epigenome-Wide Association Study Using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Database. Genes. 2023; 14(7):1489. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14071489
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Ji-Eun, Min-Jee Jo, Eunjung Cho, Shin-Young Ahn, Young-Joo Kwon, Jeong-An Gim, and Gang-Jee Ko. 2023. "The Effect of DNA Methylation in the Development and Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease in the General Population: An Epigenome-Wide Association Study Using the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study Database" Genes 14, no. 7: 1489. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes14071489