CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storm and High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) Event: Effects on Brazilian Equatorial and Low-Latitude Ionosphere—Observations and Modeling

Abaidoo, Samuel; Klausner, Virginia; Candido, Claudia Maria Nicoli; Pillat, Valdir Gil; Pires de Moraes Santos Ribeiro Godoy, Stella; Becker-Guedes, Fabio; Toledo, Josiely Aparecida do Espírito Santo; Trigo, Laura Luiz

doi:10.3390/atmos16050499

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CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storm and High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) Event: Effects on Brazilian Equatorial and Low-Latitude Ionosphere—Observations and Modeling

by

Samuel Abaidoo

^1,*

,

Virginia Klausner

^1,*

,

Claudia Maria Nicoli Candido

¹

,

Valdir Gil Pillat

¹

,

Stella Pires de Moraes Santos Ribeiro Godoy

²

,

Fabio Becker-Guedes

²,

Josiely Aparecida do Espírito Santo Toledo

¹ and

Laura Luiz Trigo

¹

Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, São José dos Campos 12244-390, Brazil

²

Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, São José dos Campos 12227-010, Brazil

^*

Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Atmosphere 2025, 16(5), 499; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050499 (registering DOI)

Submission received: 11 March 2025 / Revised: 18 April 2025 / Accepted: 23 April 2025 / Published: 26 April 2025

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionospheric Disturbances and Space Weather)

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Abstract

This paper investigates the effects of a Corotating Interaction Region (CIR)/High-Speed Stream (HSS)-driven geomagnetic storm from 13 to 23 October 2003, preceding the well-known Halloween storm. This moderate storm exhibited a prolonged recovery phase and persistent activity due to a High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) event. We focus on low-latitude ionospheric responses induced by Prompt Penetration Electric Fields (PPEFs) and Disturbance Dynamo Electric Fields (DDEFs). To assess these effects, we employed ground-based GNSS receivers, Digisonde data, and satellite observations from ACE, TIMED, and SOHO. An empirical model by Scherliess and Fejer (1999) was used to estimate equatorial plasma drifts and assess disturbed electric fields. Results show a ∼120 km uplift in hmF2 due to PPEF, expanding the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) crest beyond 20

^{\circ}

dip latitude. DDEF effects during HILDCAA induced sustained F-region oscillations (∼100 km). The storm also altered thermospheric composition, with [[O]/[N₂] enhancements coinciding with TEC increases. Plasma irregularities, inferred from the Rate of TEC Index (ROTI 0.5–1 TECU/min), extended from equatorial to South Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly (SAMA) latitudes. These results demonstrate prolonged ionospheric disturbances under CIR/HSS forcing and highlight the relevance of such events for understanding extended storm-time electrodynamics at low latitudes.

Keywords: CIR/HSS-driven geomagnetic storm; HILDCAA; ionospheric parameters; descending phase of solar activity; prompt penetration electric fields; disturbance dynamo

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MDPI and ACS Style

Abaidoo, S.; Klausner, V.; Candido, C.M.N.; Pillat, V.G.; Pires de Moraes Santos Ribeiro Godoy, S.; Becker-Guedes, F.; Toledo, J.A.d.E.S.; Trigo, L.L. CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storm and High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) Event: Effects on Brazilian Equatorial and Low-Latitude Ionosphere—Observations and Modeling. Atmosphere 2025, 16, 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050499

AMA Style

Abaidoo S, Klausner V, Candido CMN, Pillat VG, Pires de Moraes Santos Ribeiro Godoy S, Becker-Guedes F, Toledo JAdES, Trigo LL. CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storm and High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) Event: Effects on Brazilian Equatorial and Low-Latitude Ionosphere—Observations and Modeling. Atmosphere. 2025; 16(5):499. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050499

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abaidoo, Samuel, Virginia Klausner, Claudia Maria Nicoli Candido, Valdir Gil Pillat, Stella Pires de Moraes Santos Ribeiro Godoy, Fabio Becker-Guedes, Josiely Aparecida do Espírito Santo Toledo, and Laura Luiz Trigo. 2025. "CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storm and High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) Event: Effects on Brazilian Equatorial and Low-Latitude Ionosphere—Observations and Modeling" Atmosphere 16, no. 5: 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050499

APA Style

Abaidoo, S., Klausner, V., Candido, C. M. N., Pillat, V. G., Pires de Moraes Santos Ribeiro Godoy, S., Becker-Guedes, F., Toledo, J. A. d. E. S., & Trigo, L. L. (2025). CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storm and High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) Event: Effects on Brazilian Equatorial and Low-Latitude Ionosphere—Observations and Modeling. Atmosphere, 16(5), 499. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16050499

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CIR-Driven Geomagnetic Storm and High-Intensity Long-Duration Continuous AE Activity (HILDCAA) Event: Effects on Brazilian Equatorial and Low-Latitude Ionosphere—Observations and Modeling

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