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Review

Transformation and Mitigation of Tar and Related Secondary Pollutants during Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis

State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
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Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Water 2024, 16(14), 2066; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16142066
Submission received: 6 June 2024 / Revised: 4 July 2024 / Accepted: 11 July 2024 / Published: 22 July 2024

Abstract

Sewage sludge has long been perceived as the bottleneck of wastewater treatment plants in China, restraining the healthy development of sewage treatment for decades. In recent years, pyrolysis as a promising multifunctional platform has attracted increasing interest for converting sludge into valuable resources. However, the generation and presence of pyrolysis tar, one of the key by-products during sludge pyrolysis, limit the wide application of pyrolysis product resources. The efficient and selective conversion of tar is complicated by the inherent complexity of sludge and various pollutants (e.g., N-, S-, and Cl-containing organic pollutants, heavy metals) in pyrolysis products, which may either migrate into tar or be released into the environment, complicating the in-depth treatment of tar and posing environmental risks. This review systematically examines the transformation and migration of tar and related secondary pollutants during sludge pyrolysis in order to optimize the pyrolysis process for resource recovery. We provide an overview of the research progress on tar generation, transformation, and secondary pollutants during pyrolysis; discuss potential control strategies for pollution abatement; and highlight the importance of understanding tar transformation during pyrolysis. Additionally, we offer insights into future development trends and research hotpots in this field. This review aims to deliver valuable information on the mechanism of tar formation, the conversion pathways of secondary pollutants, and corresponding control strategies, thus guiding the design and optimization of sludge pyrolysis processes to achieve higher efficiency and selectivity, with minimal environmental pollution.
Keywords: sewage sludge pyrolysis; transformation; mitigation; tar and secondary pollutants; co-pyrolysis sewage sludge pyrolysis; transformation; mitigation; tar and secondary pollutants; co-pyrolysis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lin, Q.; Liu, Y.; Jiao, Y.; Lv, P.; Liu, Y.; Zuo, W.; Tian, Y.; Zhang, J. Transformation and Mitigation of Tar and Related Secondary Pollutants during Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis. Water 2024, 16, 2066. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16142066

AMA Style

Lin Q, Liu Y, Jiao Y, Lv P, Liu Y, Zuo W, Tian Y, Zhang J. Transformation and Mitigation of Tar and Related Secondary Pollutants during Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis. Water. 2024; 16(14):2066. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16142066

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lin, Qingyuan, Yongxiao Liu, Yimeng Jiao, Pengzhao Lv, Yanbo Liu, Wei Zuo, Yu Tian, and Jun Zhang. 2024. "Transformation and Mitigation of Tar and Related Secondary Pollutants during Sewage Sludge Pyrolysis" Water 16, no. 14: 2066. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16142066

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