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Review

A Comprehensive Review on Ecological Buffer Zone for Pollutants Removal

by
Dongsheng Wang
1,2,3,†,
Xing Gao
1,2,3,†,
Suqing Wu
1,2,3,
Min Zhao
1,2,3,
Xiangyong Zheng
1,2,3,
Zhiquan Wang
1,2,3,
Yejian Zhang
1,2,* and
Chunzhen Fan
1,2,3,*
1
College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
2
National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325000, China
3
Institute for Eco-Environmental Research of Sanyang Wetland, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325014, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Water 2024, 16(15), 2172; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16152172 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 13 May 2024 / Revised: 21 July 2024 / Accepted: 30 July 2024 / Published: 31 July 2024

Abstract

The issue of agricultural non-point source pollution has attracted global attention. A buffer zone is an effective, eco-friendly, and economically feasible remediation ecosystem to reduce the impact of agricultural non-point source pollution on water bodies. They can effectively remove pollutants in agricultural drainage through physical processes (infiltration, filtration, deposition, etc.), plant absorption and assimilation, and microbial processes, improving the water quality of water bodies. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current studies on using buffer zones to remediate agricultural non-point source pollution, with a focus on the key affecting factors for pollutant removal efficiencies. The main factors included buffer zone width, vegetation type, slope, seasonal variation, soil variation, and vegetation density. The influencing mechanisms of these factors on the pollutant removal efficiencies of buffer zones were also discussed. This review can serve as a reference for a deep understanding of buffer zones and help optimize their design and management in real ecological remediation projects.
Keywords: buffer zone; agriculture; non-point source pollution; ecological functions; influencing factors buffer zone; agriculture; non-point source pollution; ecological functions; influencing factors

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Wang, D.; Gao, X.; Wu, S.; Zhao, M.; Zheng, X.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Fan, C. A Comprehensive Review on Ecological Buffer Zone for Pollutants Removal. Water 2024, 16, 2172. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16152172

AMA Style

Wang D, Gao X, Wu S, Zhao M, Zheng X, Wang Z, Zhang Y, Fan C. A Comprehensive Review on Ecological Buffer Zone for Pollutants Removal. Water. 2024; 16(15):2172. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16152172

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wang, Dongsheng, Xing Gao, Suqing Wu, Min Zhao, Xiangyong Zheng, Zhiquan Wang, Yejian Zhang, and Chunzhen Fan. 2024. "A Comprehensive Review on Ecological Buffer Zone for Pollutants Removal" Water 16, no. 15: 2172. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16152172

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