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Volume 13
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10.3390/land13070932
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Article

Corticolous Lichen Communities and Their Bioindication Potential in an Urban and Peri-Urban Ecosystem in the Central Region of Colombia

by
Miguel Moreno-Palacios
1,†,
Alfredo Torres-Benítez
2,†,
Edier Soto-Medina
3,
Marta Sánchez
4,
Pradeep K. Divakar
4,
Iris Pereira
5 and
María Pilar Gómez-Serranillos
4,*
1
Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Matemáticas, Universidad de Ibagué, Carrera 22 Calle 67, Ibagué 730002, Colombia
2
Carrera de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastián, General Lagos 1163, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
3
Grupo de Investigación Ecología y Diversidad Vegetal, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia
4
Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacognosia y Botánica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain
5
Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Av. Lircay s/n, Talca 3460000, Chile
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Land 2024, 13(7), 932; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13070932
Submission received: 24 May 2024 / Revised: 19 June 2024 / Accepted: 22 June 2024 / Published: 26 June 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Ecosystem Services: 5th Edition)
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Abstract

The richness, composition, abundance, and correlation with the atmospheric oxide concentrations of the community of corticolous lichens in the urban and peri-urban areas of the city of Ibagué (Colombia) were evaluated, selecting 25 individuals of the four most abundant phorophyte species. Twenty-nine lichen taxa grouped in 13 families and 17 genera were recorded, with a higher lichen coverage and taxa richness in the urban area. A non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis showed the conformation of two lichen communities associated with the urban and peri-urban areas of the city, and variation in composition among the phorophyte species. Exclusive and indicator taxa were found for both zones, as well as associations between variables through the application of a general linear model. Higher concentrations of atmospheric gases CO, SO2, NO2, and O3 were found in the urban zone, and positive/negative relationships with some lichen taxa. There is high variability in the response of the lichen assemblage of urban and peri-urban ecosystems to environmental effects, with substantial or minimal changes in the variables of richness, coverage, and phorophyte association, and according to their interaction with atmospheric oxides, the patterns of potential tolerant and/or sensitive species are formed for their implementation in bioindication studies.
Keywords: lichenized fungi; cover; diversity; phorophyte; area; oxide concentrations lichenized fungi; cover; diversity; phorophyte; area; oxide concentrations

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MDPI and ACS Style

Moreno-Palacios, M.; Torres-Benítez, A.; Soto-Medina, E.; Sánchez, M.; Divakar, P.K.; Pereira, I.; Gómez-Serranillos, M.P. Corticolous Lichen Communities and Their Bioindication Potential in an Urban and Peri-Urban Ecosystem in the Central Region of Colombia. Land 2024, 13, 932. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13070932

AMA Style

Moreno-Palacios M, Torres-Benítez A, Soto-Medina E, Sánchez M, Divakar PK, Pereira I, Gómez-Serranillos MP. Corticolous Lichen Communities and Their Bioindication Potential in an Urban and Peri-Urban Ecosystem in the Central Region of Colombia. Land. 2024; 13(7):932. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13070932

Chicago/Turabian Style

Moreno-Palacios, Miguel, Alfredo Torres-Benítez, Edier Soto-Medina, Marta Sánchez, Pradeep K. Divakar, Iris Pereira, and María Pilar Gómez-Serranillos. 2024. "Corticolous Lichen Communities and Their Bioindication Potential in an Urban and Peri-Urban Ecosystem in the Central Region of Colombia" Land 13, no. 7: 932. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13070932

APA Style

Moreno-Palacios, M., Torres-Benítez, A., Soto-Medina, E., Sánchez, M., Divakar, P. K., Pereira, I., & Gómez-Serranillos, M. P. (2024). Corticolous Lichen Communities and Their Bioindication Potential in an Urban and Peri-Urban Ecosystem in the Central Region of Colombia. Land, 13(7), 932. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13070932

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