Assessment of Urban Green Space Dynamics in Dhaka South City Corporation of Bangladesh Using Geospatial Techniques
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. The Study Area
2.2. Study Approach
2.3. Data Sources
2.4. Data Correction, Mapping and Accuracy Assessment
2.4.1. Image Pre-Processing
2.4.2. Image Classification
2.5. NDVI Analysis
2.6. Accuracy Assessment
3. Results
3.1. Green Space in DSCC
3.2. Changes in Green Space in DSCC
3.3. Green Space Classification and Preserved Spaces in DSCC
3.4. Validation of Image Classification
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Satellite Images | Date of Acquisition | Band Name | Wavelength (m) | Day/Night Indicator |
---|---|---|---|---|
Landsat 5 TM | 25 March 1991 | Red (B3) | (0.63–0.69) | Day |
21 March 2001 | Near Infrared (B4) | (0.76–0.90) | Day | |
6 April 2011 | Day | |||
Landsat 8 OLI_TIRS | 23 March 2021 | Red (B4) | (0.64–0.76) | Day |
Near Infrared (B5) | (0.85–0.88) |
Vegetation Classes | Feature | NDVI Range |
---|---|---|
No vegetation | Water bodies, built-up areas, road networks | <0 |
Sparse vegetation | Small plants near roadside, bare land | 0 to 0.33 |
Moderate vegetation | Shrubs and grassland, moderately dense plants in parks | 0.33 to 0.66 |
Dense vegetation | Urban forest, dense plants | 0.66 to 1 |
Classification | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 | 2021 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
) | % | ) | % | ) | % | ) | % | |
Green space | 20 | 46 | 10.25 | 21.3 | 9.27 | 19.7 | 5.26 | 9.5 |
Urban and others | 25.25 | 54.9 | 35 | 78.7 | 35.8 | 80.3 | 39.1 | 90.5 |
Classification | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 | 2021 | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
) | % | ) | % | ) | % | ) | % | |
No vegetation | 25.25 | 54 | 35 | 78.7 | 35.8 | 80.2 | 39.1 | 90.5 |
Sparse vegetation | 10 | 20.7 | 5 | 13.3 | 5.5 | 13.8 | 3 | 7.3 |
Moderate vegetation | 3 | 11.8 | 3 | 5.8 | 2.7 | 5.1 | 2 | 1 |
Dense vegetation | 7 | 13.6 | 2 | 2.3 | 1.8 | 0.9 | 1 | 0.3 |
Type | 1991 | 2001 | 2011 | 2021 | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PA | UA | Overall | Kappa | PA | UA | Overall | Kappa | PA | UA | Overall | Kappa | PA | UA | Overall | Kappa | |
Green space | 84 | 87 | 85% | 0.71 | 74 | 80 | 78% | 0.57 | 82 | 80 | 81% | 0.62 | 84 | 73 | 77% | 0.59 |
Urban and others | 82 | 83 | 76 | 77 | 80 | 82 | 82 | 78 |
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Misty, M.S.; Hoque, M.A.-A.; Mukul, S.A. Assessment of Urban Green Space Dynamics in Dhaka South City Corporation of Bangladesh Using Geospatial Techniques. Land 2024, 13, 1426. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091426
Misty MS, Hoque MA-A, Mukul SA. Assessment of Urban Green Space Dynamics in Dhaka South City Corporation of Bangladesh Using Geospatial Techniques. Land. 2024; 13(9):1426. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091426
Chicago/Turabian StyleMisty, Maliha Sanzana, Muhammad Al-Amin Hoque, and Sharif A. Mukul. 2024. "Assessment of Urban Green Space Dynamics in Dhaka South City Corporation of Bangladesh Using Geospatial Techniques" Land 13, no. 9: 1426. https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091426