Abstract
Integral inequalities make up a comprehensive and prolific field of research within the field of mathematical interpretations. Integral inequalities in association with convexity have a strong relationship with symmetry. Different disciplines of mathematics and applied sciences have taken a new path as a result of the development of new fractional operators. Different new fractional operators have been used to improve some mathematical inequalities and to bring new ideas in recent years. To take steps forward, we prove various Grüss-type and Chebyshev-type inequalities for integrable functions in the frame of non-conformable fractional integral operators. The key results are proven using definitions of the fractional integrals, well-known classical inequalities, and classical relations.
1. Introduction
Fractional calculus theory gained popularity and was employed as a mathematical tool in a variety of pure and practical fields. This approach has previously been used in a variety of industries with some impressive results. It has been used in medicine [1], physics [2], modelling of diseases [3,4], nanotechnology [5], fluid mechanics [6], bioengineering [7], epidemiology [8], economics [9], and control systems [10].
In applied mathematics, inequalities and their applications are crucial. Various fractional operators were used to show a collection of integral inequalities and their generalizations (see [11,12,13,14,15,16,17]). To follow this trend, we use a generalized non-conformable fractional integral operator to show an improved version of the Grüss-type inequality. G. Grüss presented the well-known Grüss-type inequality in 1935, which was linked to the Chebyshev’s inequality; see [18].
Provided that and are two integrable functions on , satisfying the condition,
For integrable functions, various types of inequalities have been established, but the Grüss inequality has been the focus of many studies as many scholars have examined it extensively. Chaos, bio-sciences, fluid dynamics, engineering, meteorology, biochemistry, vibration analysis, aerodynamics, and many other scientific fields benefit from this inequality. See [19,20,21,22,23,24] for a steady growth of interest in such a field of study to address the difficulties of various applications of these variants.
where and are two integral functions that are synchonous on , given as
for any ; then, the Chebyshev inequality states that .
The interest in inequality (1) has been evoked by the researcher. There are numerous recent studies in the literature on theoretical inequalities. In the approach of unital 2-positive linear maps, Balasubramanian [25] worked on the idea of the Grüss-type inequality. Pecaric [26] looked at certain Grüss inequality extensions and applications using weighted Ozeki’s inequality, which is a supplement to the Cauchy–Schwartz inequality. Butt [27] contributed a paper on the Jensen–Grüss-type inequality and its application to the Zipf–Mandelbrot law. The extended generalized Mittag–Leffler function was used by Akdemir [28] to investigate several Grüss-type integral inequalities for fractional integral operators. Akdemir [29] also used the generalized fractional integral operator to analyze several Grüss-type inequalities. Using the generalized Katugampola fractional integral operator, Aljaaidi [30] investigated and proved various Grüss-type inequalities.
Employing the concept of time scales, Sarikaya [31] wrote a remark on Grüss-type inequalities. Pachpatte [32] looked at certain differential function Chebyshev–Grüss inequalities. In the style of a generalized K-fractional integral operator, Noor [33] explained various Grüss-type inequalities. Using the Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operator, Dahmani [34] showed several expansions of the Grüss-type integral inequality. Chinchane [35] presented a paper that used the Hadamard fractional integral operator to create a novel Grüss-type inequality. Sarikaya [36] employed a variation of Pompeiu’s mean value theorem to develop a Grüss-type inequality. Kalla [37] investigated Grüss type inequalities for a hypergeometric fractional integral operator. E. Set [38] worked on the novel Grüss type inequalities via conformable fractional integral operator. The Riemann–Liouville fractional integral operator was used to solve the following integral inequality given by Dahmani et al. [34].
Theorem 1.
Let and be two integrable functions on satisfying the condition
on ; then, , we have
The paper is arranged as follows: In Section 2, we give some known concepts. In Section 3, we obtain some Grüss-type fractional integral inequalities on the basis of new lemmas with the help of the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality. In Section 4, we investigate some other fractional integral inequalities involving non-conformable fractional integral operators with the help of Young’s inequality. Section 5 deals with Chebyshev-type inequalities. A brief conclusion is given in Section 6.
2. Preliminaries
Definition 1
([39]). For each and , we define
for every and .
Definition 2
([39]). For each function , we define the fractional integrals
for every and .
Remark 1.
In the above definitions, if we put then we have the classical integrals, which are represented by
3. Fractional Inequality of Grüss Type
In this section, first, we prove some new integrable equalities; then, using these equalities and the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, our main findings are presented.
Lemma 1.
Let the integrable function on be with ; then, , the following equality holds true:
Proof.
Let and be an integrable function on ∀ ; then, we have
If we multiply both sides of (6) by and integrate the resultant equality with respect to , we obtain
Upon multiplication of both sides of (7) by and integration of the resultant equality with respect to , we yield
This led us to the proof of Lemma 1. □
Theorem 2.
Let the integrable functions on , be and satisfying the condition
Then,
holds true.
Proof.
Let and be two given integrable function on , with the condition
If we define
It readily follows that
Then, multiplying the above equality by and integrating the resultant equality with respect to , we have
Again, multiplying the above equality by and then integrating the with respect to , we have
Employing the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, we obtain
Since, and , we consequently have
and
Thus,
Additionally,
Now, using the inequality , , we obtain
and
The proof of Theorem 7 is completed from the above developments (Equations (15)–(17)). □
Lemma 2.
Let the integrable functions on be and ; then, the following identity for all , and holds true:
Proof.
Multiplying (9) by , then integrating the resultant with respect to , and applying the Cauchy–Schwarz inequality, we have the desired inequality (18). □
Lemma 3.
Let the integrable functions on be and ; then, for all , and , the following equality holds true:
Proof.
Multiplying (7) by and then integrating the resulting identity with respect to , we have
The above developments completes the proof of Lemma 3. □
Theorem 3.
Let and be two integrable function on satisfying the condition
we have
4. Certain New Fractional Integral Inequalities
Here, we present some new type of inequalities (Theorems 4–6) pertaining to non-conformable fractional integral operator.
Theorem 4.
Let the positive functions defined on be and . Then, the inequalities holds:
- (i)
- (ii)
- (iii)
- (iv)
- where for, ,
Proof.
From Young’s inequality, we have
If we choose, and , , then
Multiplication of inequality (21) by , and integrating the resultant inequality with respect to , we get
Consequently,
Analogously, multiplying inequality (23) by and integrating the obtained identity, we obtain
This readily follows:
Additionally,
which implies . Similarly, we can prove the rest of the inequalities by making the correct choice of parameters as follows:
For
For
For □
Theorem 5.
for satisfying .
Let the positive functions defined on be and . Then, the following inequalities hold true:
Proof.
We can prove the results following similar procedures as in the previous Theorem 4 with an appropriate choice of parameters:
□
Theorem 6.
Let the positive functions defined on be and . For with conditions
the following inequalities hold true:
Proof.
Multiplying the above inequality (28) by and then integrating the obtained result with respect to , we get
This implies
On the other hand, it follows from
5. Chebyshev-Type Inequalities
Theorem 7.
Let the integrable functions be , which are synchronous on . Then,
Proof.
Since and are synchronous on , we have
or equivalently
If we multiply both sides of the above inequality by , we have
Upon integrating the inequality obtained with respect to a, one has
From the above developments, we have
Multiplying inequality (32) by and integrating the resultant inequality with respect to b, we obtain
This readily gives
and we have the desired inequality ((31)). □
Remark 2.
Let be synchronous functions on ; then, we have
Remark 3.
Theorem 8.
Let and be two function from which are synchronous on ; then, the following inequality holds true:
Proof.
Multiplying the inequality (32) by yields
Integrating the above inequality with respect to b yields inequality (34). □
Remark 4.
If we take , then we obtain Theorem 7.
Theorem 9.
Let be a positive function ; then, we have
Proof.
The theorem can be proven by the method of induction on . For n = 1, the above inequality trivially holds. For n = 2, since and are synchronous and positive functions and by the hypothesis of theorem 7, the inequality (35) readily follows. Now, let us assume that the inequality (35) holds true for . Let and , as and be increasing functions on ; therefore, under the assumption of the inequality (31) and induction hypothesis, we have
This concludes the desired proof. □
Theorem 10.
Let and , be increasing and differentiable functions, respectively. is bounded below by ; then, we have
where is the identity function.
Proof.
If h is differentiable and increasing on with and . Then, applying the results of Theorem 31, we have
since and .
From the above developments, we have
This completes the desired proof. □
Theorem 11.
Let and , be increasing and differentiable functions, respectively. is bounded below by ; then, we have
Let and be two differentiable functions. If bounded below by and bounded below by . Then we have
where is the identity function.
Proof.
Let and be differentiable and increasing functions on with and ; similarly, and . Then, applying the results of Theorem 7, we have
Moreover,
Similarly,
and
From the equality,
we have
and this equality together with (37)–(40) implies the required result. □
Remark 5.
If we take , then we obtain Theorem 10.
Remark 6.
If we consider and , or and instead of and , under the assumptions of the synchronous functions, we will have new results with changes in the direction of the inequalities.
6. Conclusions
The Grüss inequality and the Chebyshev inequality have been extensively studied, and numerous generalizations, extensions, and variants of these two valuable inequalities have been established. Using a generalized integral operator, namely the non-conformable operator, several generalizations of the Grüss inequality as well as the Chebyshev-type inequality are presented in this paper. The findings provide novel approaches to the Grüss inequality thanks to the peculiarities of the fractional operator and some inequalities employed in the proofs. In future research work, different forms of fractional integral operators can be used to enhance the outcomes of researchers working on this topic.
Author Contributions
Conceptualization, O.M.A., S.K.S. and M.T.; methodology, S.K.S., M.T. and C.C.; software, O.M.A., S.K.S. and M.T.; validation, S.K.S., A.A.S. and K.N.; formal analysis, S.K.S., M.T., O.M.A. and C.C.; investigation, S.K.S. and M.T.; resources, S.K.S., K.N., C.C. and A.A.S.; writing—original draft preparation, S.K.S., M.T. and C.C.; writing—review and editing, O.M.A., S.K.S. and M.T.; supervision, S.K.S., K.N., C.C. and A.A.S.; project administration, S.K.S. and M.T.; funding acquisition, K.N. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Funding
This research was supported by the Fundamental Fund of Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
Institutional Review Board Statement
Not applicable.
Informed Consent Statement
Not applicable.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the Fundamental Fund of Khon Kaen University, Thailand.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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