Optimization of SOX2 Expression for Enhanced Glioblastoma Stem Cell Virotherapy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Model
- is the population of GSCs;
- is the population of GSCs infected by ZIKV and the subpopulation of
- is the free Zika viruses;
- The term describes the logistic growth rate of GSCs;
- is the normalized rate of SOX2 expression level in a GSC, which ranges between 0 and 1;
- The constant value represents the strength of infectivity of the Zika virus in the GSCs;
- The term describes the rate of infected cells by free virus
- b is the bursting size of free virus particles;
- represents the death rate of infected GSCs after the cell oncolysis;
- is the clearance rate of the virus.
2.2. Analysis and Stability of Equilibrium
- If , then and from the second and the third equations in Equation (5). Therefore, we have an equilibrium point .
- If and , we get from the second equation, which results in from the first equation in Equation (5). Then, . Thus, we have an equilibrium point .
- If , then, from the second and third equations in Equation (5), . Since , we have . From the first and second equation in Equation (5), . Then, . From the third equation in Equation (5), . Then, Thus, we have an equilibrium point , where , and .
2.3. Basic Reproduction Number
2.4. Stability of Equilibrium Points
2.5. Estimation of Parameters
2.6. Sensitivity Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Existence and Stability of the Equilibrium Points
3.2. SOX2 Expression Level Changes the Structure of GSC Dynamics
3.3. Interplay between SOX2 Expression Level and Bursting Size Affects the Dynamic of OVT
3.4. Stability Regions for Equilibrium Points in Two-Dimensional Parameters: SOX2 Expression Level and Bursting Size
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Kim, D.; Puig, A.; Rabiei, F.; Hawkins, E.J.; Hernandez, T.F.; Sung, C.K. Optimization of SOX2 Expression for Enhanced Glioblastoma Stem Cell Virotherapy. Symmetry 2024, 16, 1186. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16091186
Kim D, Puig A, Rabiei F, Hawkins EJ, Hernandez TF, Sung CK. Optimization of SOX2 Expression for Enhanced Glioblastoma Stem Cell Virotherapy. Symmetry. 2024; 16(9):1186. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16091186
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Dongwook, Abraham Puig, Faranak Rabiei, Erial J. Hawkins, Talia F. Hernandez, and Chang K. Sung. 2024. "Optimization of SOX2 Expression for Enhanced Glioblastoma Stem Cell Virotherapy" Symmetry 16, no. 9: 1186. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym16091186