Comparison of Longitudinal Changes in Refractive Error of Hyperopic Children with or without Refractive Accommodative Esotropia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Data Analysis and Statistics
3. Results
4. Discussion
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | Group 1 (n = 190) | Group 2 (n = 266) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age at initial spectacle use (years old) | 7.7 ± 3.2 | 8.1 ± 4.2 | 0.212 1 |
Sex | 0.601 2 | ||
Male | 96 (50.53) | 141 (53.01) | |
Female | 94 (49.47) | 125 (46.99) | |
Axial length (mm) in more hyperopic eye | 22.79 ± 1.57 | 21.98 ± 1.19 | 0.001 1 |
Cycloplegic refraction (spherical equivalent) (diopter) | 3.11 ± 3.04 | 4.70 ± 2.11 | 0.001 1 |
Baseline esodeviation angle without spectacle (PD) | |||
Near | 1.52 ± 2.87 | 24.37 ± 12.79 | <0.001 1 |
Distance | 0.54 ± 1.63 | 18.85 ± 11.63 | <0.001 1 |
Baseline esodeviation angle with spectacle (PD) | |||
Near | 0.73 ± 2.24 | 6.88 ± 8.05 | <0.001 1 |
Distance | 0.43 ± 1.53 | 4.00 ± 7.18 | <0.001 1 |
Amblyopia | 102 (58.95) | 132 (49.62) | 0.057 |
Anisometropia | 42 (22.11) | 69 (25.94) | 0.347 |
Good stereopsis (<100 arc seconds) | 117 ± 101.51 | 131 ± 116.69 | 0.183 |
Worth-4-dot test fusion | 187 (98.42) | 260 (97.74) | >0.999 2 |
Bagolini Striated Glasses Test fusion | 179 (98.35) | 259 (97.37) | >0.999 2 |
Follow-up period (years) | 5.46 ± 3.08 | 8.08 ± 3.25 | <0.001 1 |
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Song, J.E.; Han, H.J.; Choi, C.Y.; Khoramnia, R.; Chang, H.R.; Han, S.Y. Comparison of Longitudinal Changes in Refractive Error of Hyperopic Children with or without Refractive Accommodative Esotropia. Diagnostics 2021, 11, 1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11091547
Song JE, Han HJ, Choi CY, Khoramnia R, Chang HR, Han SY. Comparison of Longitudinal Changes in Refractive Error of Hyperopic Children with or without Refractive Accommodative Esotropia. Diagnostics. 2021; 11(9):1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11091547
Chicago/Turabian StyleSong, Ji Eun, Hyo Ji Han, Chul Young Choi, Ramin Khoramnia, Hae Ran Chang, and So Young Han. 2021. "Comparison of Longitudinal Changes in Refractive Error of Hyperopic Children with or without Refractive Accommodative Esotropia" Diagnostics 11, no. 9: 1547. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11091547