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Correction

Correction: Sebro, R.; De la Garza-Ramos, C. Machine Learning for Opportunistic Screening for Osteoporosis from CT Scans of the Wrist and Forearm. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 691

by
Ronnie Sebro
1,2,* and
Cynthia De la Garza-Ramos
2
1
Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Radiology, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
2
Center for Augmented Intelligence, Mayo Clinic Florida, Department of Radiology, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Diagnostics 2022, 12(11), 2635; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112635
Submission received: 6 September 2022 / Accepted: 7 September 2022 / Published: 31 October 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Diagnostic Medical Imaging)
In the original publication [1], there was an error in Table 4 as published. The positive predicted value was listed as 0, when it is undefined (“-”). The corrected Table 4 appears below. The authors state that the scientific conclusions are unaffected. This correction was approved by the Academic Editor. The original publication has also been updated.

Reference

  1. Sebro, R.; De la Garza-Ramos, C. Machine Learning for Opportunistic Screening for Osteoporosis from CT Scans of the Wrist and Forearm. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 691. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Table 4. Performance of the CT attenuation of each bone and multivariable machine learning models to predict osteoporosis and osteopenia/osteoporosis.
Table 4. Performance of the CT attenuation of each bone and multivariable machine learning models to predict osteoporosis and osteopenia/osteoporosis.
Test Dataset
OsteoporosisTraining/
Validation
Dataset CT
Attenuation Threshold
AUCSensitivitySpecificityAUCAccuracyPositive Predictive Value (PPV)Negative Predictive Value (NPV)
Radius90.1790.7080.5000.6390.5690.6000.3500.767
Radius UD154.9980.7250.6070.6250.6160.6200.3860.804
Radius 33%−13.7170.7050.5000.6530.5760.6100.3590.770
Ulna67.1210.7190.7500.6670.7080.6900.4670.873
Ulna UD98.4460.7320.5000.8060.6530.7200.5000.806
Ulna 33%3.8720.6690.7500.6110.6810.6500.4290.863
Scaphoid247.5920.7630.5710.5830.5770.5800.3480.778
Lunate248.3870.7620.001.000.3650.720-0.720
Triquetrum207.8820.7300.001.000.3900.720-0.720
Pisiform162.2980.7530.7140.6530.6840.6700.4440.855
Trapezium141.8240.7340.001.000.3830.720-0.720
Trapezoid231.0700.6990.5000.7220.6110.6600.4120.788
Capitate248.0390.7630.5360.7360.6360.6800.4410.803
Hamate170.1660.7690.001.000.3930.720-0.720
1 MC−7.7720.7520.5000.7780.6390.7000.4670.800
2 MC16.0230.6860.001.000.4150.720-0.720
3 MC61.5550.5650.001.000.4660.720-0.720
4 MC50.8370.6000.001.000.4150.720-0.720
5 MC−34.8600.5660.001.000.4080.720-0.720
Linear kernel SVM 0.8940.8830.4350.6800.7800.8400.526
Radial basis function kernel SVM 0.9870.5840.9570.8180.6700.9780.407
Sigmoid kernel SVM 0.6270.8440.7390.8180.8200.9150.586
Random Forest classifier 0.5020.9870.0870.5370.7800.7840.667
Osteopenia/OsteoporosisTraining/
Validation
Dataset CT Attenuation Threshold
AUCSensitivitySpecificityAUCAccuracyPositive Predictive Value (PPV)Negative Predictive Value (NPV)
Radius149.1990.6350.2620.7780.5200.3290.8890.135
Radius UD160.4960.5280.001.000.4720.129-0.129
Radius 33%10.9420.7160.4590.6670.5630.4860.9030.154
Ulna117.2590.7360.001.000.4320.129-0.129
Ulna UD162.0880.6430.7050.5560.6300.6860.9150.217
Ulna 33%73.3650.7080.001.000.4540.129-0.129
Scaphoid250.7490.7730.5250.7780.6510.5570.9410.194
Lunate258.0910.7680.001.000.4330.129-0.129
Triquetrum213.9980.6100.001.000.3920.129-0.129
Pisiform220.0410.7540.001.000.4230.129-0.129
Trapezium183.7380.7170.001.000.3100.129-0.129
Trapezoid269.5940.7260.6560.7780.7170.6710.9520.250
Capitate294.0580.7550.6230.8890.7560.6570.9740.258
Hamate171.5030.6730.001.000.4230.129-0.129
1 MC27.7790.8230.001.000.4450.129-0.129
2 MC30.5840.7520.7210.8890.8050.7430.9780.320
3 MC31.1970.5290.001.000.4090.129-0.129
4 MC55.3760.5790.7700.5560.6630.7430.9220.263
5 MC52.1120.6150.001.000.4070.390-0.390
Linear kernel SVM 0.8560.4430.8890.6740.6200.8710.507
Radial basis function kernel SVM 0.9690.8850.6670.8050.8000.8060.788
Sigmoid kernel SVM 0.5420.6070.7780.7160.6700.8040.556
Random Forest classifier 0.5110.9670.2220.5950.6800.6630.818
Femoral Neck BMD ≤ −2.5Training/
Validation
Dataset CT Attenuation Threshold
AUCSensitivitySpecificityAUCAccuracyPositive Predictive Value (PPV)Negative Predictive Value (NPV)
Radius132.4950.5690.001.000.3940.810-0.810
Radius UD184.1540.6180.7890.5310.6600.5800.2830.915
Radius 33%20.9080.6250.001.000.4260.810-0.810
Ulna67.1210.6030.7890.5560.6730.6000.2940.918
Ulna UD82.7300.5810.5260.7900.6580.7400.3700.877
Ulna 33%35.5200.6210.001.000.3750.810-0.810
Scaphoid202.9160.6570.6320.6790.6550.6700.3160.887
Lunate224.8380.6840.5260.8640.6950.8000.4760.886
Triquetrum208.3340.6670.6320.7280.6800.7100.3530.894
Pisiform121.6260.7360.001.000.4150.810-0.810
Trapezium149.5970.6270.6320.6910.6610.6800.3240.889
Trapezoid207.9530.6630.6320.6790.6550.6700.3160.887
Capitate248.0390.6470.7370.6670.7020.6800.3410.915
Hamate185.7430.6000.8420.5680.7050.6200.3140.939
1 MC0.5300.7100.5790.6420.6100.6300.2750.867
2 MC−7.2730.6810.5260.6300.5780.6100.2500.850
3 MC−47.2510.6090.8950.1360.5150.2800.1950.846
4 MC−13.1460.6720.001.000.4580.810-0.810
5 MC24.6900.7370.001.000.3980.810-0.810
Linear kernel SVM 0.9150.9470.5930.7950.6600.5350.980
Radial basis function kernel SVM 0.9970.5790.8640.7700.8100.5000.897
Sigmoid kernel SVM 0.7360.9470.5310.7490.6100.3210.977
Random Forest classifier 0.4890.4210.9010.6610.8100.5000.869
Femoral Neck BMD < −1Training/
Validation
Dataset CT Attenuation Threshold
AUCSensitivitySpecificityAUCAccuracyPositive Predictive Value (PPV)Negative Predictive Value (NPV)
Radius130.3360.6030.001.000.4150.270-0.270
Radius UD163.2090.5580.001.000.4920.270-0.270
Radius 33%10.9420.6050.001.000.4230.270-0.270
Ulna94.0090.6470.7400.6520.6960.7200.8570.486
Ulna UD185.5440.6840.001.000.3630.270-0.270
Ulna 33%27.4060.6180.7270.7390.7330.7300.8830.500
Scaphoid229.7990.7190.5580.9130.7360.6600.9530.439
Lunate268.1930.7070.001.000.3310.270-0.270
Triquetrum287.3660.6410.8310.5650.6980.7600.8360.556
Pisiform221.7090.7140.001.000.4370.270-0.270
Trapezium165.6240.7220.5580.8700.7140.6400.9110.418
Trapezoid236.0410.6930.6100.6960.6530.6400.8490.404
Capitate257.4990.6930.5450.8700.7080.7900.8420.625
Hamate160.0720.5840.001.000.2990.270-0.270
1 MC26.3900.7100.7140.6090.6610.6800.8250.432
2 MC9.5760.7000.6230.8700.7460.6800.9180.451
3 MC54.5740.4910.001.000.4240.270-0.270
4 MC5.1990.6160.001.000.4270.270-0.270
5 MC1.2940.6740.5970.6960.6470.6300.8460.396
Linear kernel SVM 0.8950.4680.8260.6780.5500.9000.317
Radial basis function kernel SVM 0.9870.5840.9570.8180.6700.9780.407
Sigmoid kernel SVM 0.6270.8440.7390.8180.8200.9150.586
Random Forest classifier 05020.9870.0430.5150.7700.7760.500
Radius—distal third of the radius; Radius UD—ultradistal radius (radius epiphysis/metaphysis); Radius 33%—distal third of the radial shaft; Ulna—distal third of the ulna; Ulna UD—distal ulna (ulnar epiphysis/metaphysis); Ulna 33%—distal third of the ulnar shaft; 1 MC—proximal third of the first metacarpal; 2 MC—proximal third of the second metacarpal; 3 MC—proximal third of the third metacarpal; 4 MC—proximal third of the fourth metacarpal; 5 MC—proximal third of the fifth metacarpal; -—Undefined.
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Sebro, R.; De la Garza-Ramos, C. Correction: Sebro, R.; De la Garza-Ramos, C. Machine Learning for Opportunistic Screening for Osteoporosis from CT Scans of the Wrist and Forearm. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 691. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 2635. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112635

AMA Style

Sebro R, De la Garza-Ramos C. Correction: Sebro, R.; De la Garza-Ramos, C. Machine Learning for Opportunistic Screening for Osteoporosis from CT Scans of the Wrist and Forearm. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 691. Diagnostics. 2022; 12(11):2635. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112635

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sebro, Ronnie, and Cynthia De la Garza-Ramos. 2022. "Correction: Sebro, R.; De la Garza-Ramos, C. Machine Learning for Opportunistic Screening for Osteoporosis from CT Scans of the Wrist and Forearm. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 691" Diagnostics 12, no. 11: 2635. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12112635

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