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Volume 12
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10.3390/diagnostics12020502
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Article

MRI in Late-Onset Rasmussen Encephalitis: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study

by
Fabio Martino Doniselli
1,2,†,
Francesco Deleo
3,*,†,
Stefania Criscuolo
4,
Andrea Stabile
3,
Chiara Pastori
3,
Roberta Di Giacomo
3,
Giuseppe Didato
3,
Luisa Chiapparini
1 and
Flavio Villani
5
1
Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
2
Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Via Mangiagalli 31, 20122 Milan, Italy
3
Epilepsy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Via Celoria 11, 20133 Milan, Italy
4
Postgraduational School of Radiodiagnostics, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
5
Division of Clinical Neurophysiology and Epilepsy Center, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Diagnostics 2022, 12(2), 502; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020502
Submission received: 20 January 2022 / Revised: 9 February 2022 / Accepted: 11 February 2022 / Published: 15 February 2022
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain Imaging in Epilepsy)
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Abstract

Late-onset Rasmussen encephalitis (LoRE) is a rare unihemispheric progressive inflammatory disorder causing neurological deficits and epilepsy. The long-term radiological evolution has never been fully described. We retrospectively analyzed the MR images of 13 LoRE patients from a total of 136 studies, and searched for focal areas of volume loss or signal intensity abnormality in grey matter or white matter. Each subject had a median of nine MRI studies (IQR 7–13). Frontal and temporal lobes were the most affected regions (13/13 and 8/13, respectively) and showed the greatest worsening over time in terms of atrophic changes (9/13 and 5/8, respectively). A milder cortical atrophy was found in the insular and parietal lobes. The caudate nucleus was affected in seven patients. Hyperintensities of grey matter and white matter on T2-WI and FLAIR images were observed in all patients, and transiently in eight patients. In two cases out of the latter patients, these transient alterations evolved into atrophy of the same region. Disease duration was significantly associated with signal abnormalities in the grey matter at last follow-up. LoRE MRI alterations are milder, and their progression is markedly slower compared to radiological findings described in the childhood form.
Keywords: Rasmussen encephalitis; MRI; late-onset; epilepsy Rasmussen encephalitis; MRI; late-onset; epilepsy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Doniselli, F.M.; Deleo, F.; Criscuolo, S.; Stabile, A.; Pastori, C.; Di Giacomo, R.; Didato, G.; Chiapparini, L.; Villani, F. MRI in Late-Onset Rasmussen Encephalitis: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 502. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020502

AMA Style

Doniselli FM, Deleo F, Criscuolo S, Stabile A, Pastori C, Di Giacomo R, Didato G, Chiapparini L, Villani F. MRI in Late-Onset Rasmussen Encephalitis: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study. Diagnostics. 2022; 12(2):502. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020502

Chicago/Turabian Style

Doniselli, Fabio Martino, Francesco Deleo, Stefania Criscuolo, Andrea Stabile, Chiara Pastori, Roberta Di Giacomo, Giuseppe Didato, Luisa Chiapparini, and Flavio Villani. 2022. "MRI in Late-Onset Rasmussen Encephalitis: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study" Diagnostics 12, no. 2: 502. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020502

APA Style

Doniselli, F. M., Deleo, F., Criscuolo, S., Stabile, A., Pastori, C., Di Giacomo, R., Didato, G., Chiapparini, L., & Villani, F. (2022). MRI in Late-Onset Rasmussen Encephalitis: A Long-Term Follow-Up Study. Diagnostics, 12(2), 502. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020502

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