Melanoma Detection by AFM Indentation of Histological Specimens
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Surface Profiling of Histological Specimens by Using AFM
2.2. Mechanical Properties of Histological Specimens That Can Discriminate between Benign Nevus and Melanoma
2.3. Versatility of the Mechanical Specimen Signatures Regardless of Age, Sex, or Site
2.4. Non-Linearity of FD Curves for Normal, Benign Nevus, and Melanoma
3. Discussion
4. Methods
4.1. Biopsy from Patients
4.2. Preparation of Histological Specimens
4.3. Histological Analysis
4.4. AFM Topography of Histological Specimens
4.5. AFM Indentation of Histological Specimens
4.6. Statistics
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Case No. | Age/Sex | Biomechanical Property | Histopathological Diagnosis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st Peak (0~300 MPa) | 2nd Peak (300~600 MPa) | 3rd Peak (600~900 MPa) | |||
1 | 4/Male | 415 ± 221 MPa | Normal | ||
2 | 8/Female | 401 ± 148 MPa | Normal | ||
3 | 12/Male | 491 ± 135 MPa | Normal | ||
4 | 32/Male | 439 ± 101 MPa | Normal | ||
5 | 79/Male | 521 ± 153 MPa | Normal | ||
6 | 58/Female | 437 ± 261 MPa | Normal | ||
7 | 3/Male | 370 ± 105 MPa | Normal | ||
8 | 21/Female | 485 ± 179 MPa | Intradermal nevus (rt. Thigh) | ||
9 | 8/Female | 450 ± 182 MPa | Congenital melanocytic nevus (lt. Forearm) | ||
10 | 1/Male | 467 ± 178 MPa | Congenital melanocytic nevus (rt. Eyelid) | ||
11 | 2/Male | 441 ± 164 MPa | Congenital melanocytic nevus (rt. Cheek) | ||
12 | 32/Male | 575 ± 107 MPa | Compound nevus (rt. Calf) | ||
13 | 3/Male | 505 ± 162 MPa | Congenital melanocytic nevus (rt. Cheek) | ||
14 | 13/Female | 611 ± 217 MPa | Compound nevus (lt. Cheek) | ||
15 | 4/Female | 848 ± 299 MPa | Congenital melanocytic nevus (rt. Cheek) | ||
16 | 4/Male | 618 ± 187 MPa | Congenital melanocytic nevus (rt. Nasal area) | ||
17 | 7/Male | 636 ± 203 MPa | Congenital melanocytic nevus (rt. Cheek & forearm) | ||
18 | 8/Male | 609 ± 176 MPa | Compound nevus (rt. Cheek) | ||
19 | 7/Male | 650 ± 156 MPa | Congenital melanocytic nevus (rt. Forearm) | ||
20 | 12/Female | 783 ± 177 MPa | Congenital melanocytic nevus (lt. cheek) | ||
21 | 58/Female | 229 ± 49 MPa | 483 ± 97 MPa | 784 ± 59 MPa | Malignant melanoma, Clark’s level I (rt. Cheek) |
22 | 52/Female | 159 ± 90 MPa | 482 ± 84 MPa | 873 ± 30 MPa | Malignant melanoma, Clark’s level I (lt. Cheek) |
23 | 81/Female | 278 ± 98 MPa | 569 ± 55 MPa | 878 ± 300 MPa | Malignant melanoma, Clark’s level I (lt. Cheek) |
24 | 79/Male | 164 ± 76 MPa | 482 ± 255 MPa | Malignant melanoma, Clark’s level IV (lt. Cheek) | |
25 | 54/Male | 667 ± 221 MPa | Metastatic malignant melanoma, Clark’s level IV (lt. Inguinal area) | ||
26 | 63/Female | 215 ± 64 MPa | 394 ± 41 MPa | 625 ± 105 MPa | Malignant melanoma, Clark’s level IV (rt. Thigh) |
27 | 62/Male | 361 ± 136 MPa | 711 ± 59 MPa | Malignant melanoma, Clark’s level IV (lt. Elbow) | |
28 | 66/Female | 259 ± 73 MPa | 499 ± 56 MPa | 642 ± 67 MPa | Malignant melanoma, Clark’s level IV (rt. Abdomen) |
29 | 55/Female | 216 ± 81 MPa | 419 ± 61 MPa | 681 ± 104 MPa | Malignant melanoma, Clark’s level V (lt. Low leg) |
30 | 72/Female | 212 ± 42 MPa | 510 ± 94 MPa | Malignant melanoma, Clark’s level V (lt. Low thigh) | |
31 | 56/Female | 368 ± 133 MPa | 608 ± 30 MPa | Malignant melanoma, Clark’s level V (lt. Back) | |
32 | 66/Male | 230 ± 56 MPa | 614 ± 112 MPa | Malignant melanoma, Clark’s level V (rt. Flank) | |
33 | 79/Male | 193 ± 27 MPa | 387 ± 49 MPa | 768 ± 28 MPa | Malignant melanoma, Clark’s level V (rt. Temple) |
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Jeon, B.; Jung, H.G.; Lee, S.W.; Lee, G.; Shim, J.H.; Kim, M.O.; Kim, B.J.; Kim, S.-H.; Lee, H.; Lee, S.W.; et al. Melanoma Detection by AFM Indentation of Histological Specimens. Diagnostics 2022, 12, 1736. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071736
Jeon B, Jung HG, Lee SW, Lee G, Shim JH, Kim MO, Kim BJ, Kim S-H, Lee H, Lee SW, et al. Melanoma Detection by AFM Indentation of Histological Specimens. Diagnostics. 2022; 12(7):1736. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071736
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeon, Byoungjun, Hyo Gi Jung, Sang Won Lee, Gyudo Lee, Jung Hee Shim, Mi Ok Kim, Byung Jun Kim, Sang-Hyon Kim, Hyungbeen Lee, Sang Woo Lee, and et al. 2022. "Melanoma Detection by AFM Indentation of Histological Specimens" Diagnostics 12, no. 7: 1736. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12071736