Cutaneous Metastasis of Endometrial Cancer and Long-Term Survival: A Scoping Review and Our Experience
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Review of Available Evidence on Cutaneous Metastasis of Endometrial Cancer
2.1. Review Approach and Methods
2.2. Data Synthesis
3. Results
4. Case Presentation
5. Discussion
5.1. Incidence and Risk Factors
5.2. Risk Factors for Endometrial Cancer
5.3. Clinical Presentation
5.4. Image Examination
5.5. Histological Examination of the Metastasis
5.6. Therapy
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors | Year | Study Type | Age | Histological Findings | Time from First Diagnosis to Cutaneous Metastasis | Initial Operative Therapy | Location of Metastasis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atallah et al. [17] | 2014 | CR | 62 | E.A. | 3 Years | Total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingho-oopherectomy, and pelvic lymphadenectomy | Located at the site of thelaparotomy extending down to the vulva |
Clairwood, MD [21] | 2016 | CR | 57 | Carcinosarcoma | 6 Months | Total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingho-oopherectomy, and pelvic and paraaortic lymphadenectomy | Asymptomatic noduleslocated on her left lower cheek, back, and flank |
Giovanna Giordano [22] | 2005 | CR | 66 | E.A. | 8 Months | Total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and selective pelvic lymph node sampling | Vulvar posterior commissure |
Nikolaos Barbetakis [23] | 2009 | CR | 52 | Leiomyosarcoma | 2 years | Total hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic lymphadenectomy | Cutaneous skull metastasis |
Baydar [24] | 2005 | CR | 58 | E.A. | 19 Months | No information specified | Cutaneous metastasis ofinitial operation site |
Fatima Zahra El M’rabet [19] | 2012 | CR | 72 | E.A. | 6 Months | Total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and pelvic and paraaortic lymph node sampling | Subcutaneous nodules located on her trunk, extremities, and scalp |
Yuan Fan [25] | 2021 | CR | 54 | E.A. | 22 Months | No information specified | Cutaneous breast metastasis |
Stonard MC [26] | 2003 | CR | 73 | E.A. | 2 Months | Total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy | Skin lump on her leftlower leg |
Nienhaus | 2023 | CR | 51 | E.A. | At primary diagnosis | Hysterectomy/abdominal adnexectomy with excision of the navel, pelvic and paraaortic lymphonodectomy | Cutaneous, umbilical metastasis |
Authors | Year | Study Type | FIGO Stage at First Diagnosis | Therapy after Initial Diagnosis | Treatment of Metastatic Disease | Time until Death after Diagnosis of Cutaneous Metastasis. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atallah et al. [17] | 2014 | CR | I B | Extern pelvis radiation | Four cycles of chemotherapy with etoposide and cisplatin | 5 months after chemotherapy |
Clairwood, MD [21] | 2016 | CR | III C1 | Carboplatin/taxol and whole pelvis radiation | Radiotherapy | 3 months |
Giovanna Giordano [22] | 2005 | CR | III C | None, due to fragility | Hormone therapy | 14 months |
Nikolaos Barbetakis [23] | 2009 | CR | FIGO III | CTX, RTX | Operation, chemotherapy | Still alive after 8 months of therapy (at the time of article presentation) |
Baydar [24] | 2005 | CR | - | RTX, CTX | Combination chemotherapy | After two cycles of chemotherapy |
Fatima Zahra El M’rabet [19] | 2012 | CR | FIGO IC | N | None due to poor general condition | 2 weeks |
Yuan Fan [25] | 2021 | CR | FIGO IB | None | Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy | 7 months |
Stonard MC [26] | 2003 | CR | FIGO IC | None | No information | No information |
Nienhaus | 2023 | CR | FIGO IVB | RTX | Chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and hormone therapy | 13 years |
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Nienhaus, A.; Rajakulendran, R.; Bernad, E. Cutaneous Metastasis of Endometrial Cancer and Long-Term Survival: A Scoping Review and Our Experience. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 2603. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13152603
Nienhaus A, Rajakulendran R, Bernad E. Cutaneous Metastasis of Endometrial Cancer and Long-Term Survival: A Scoping Review and Our Experience. Diagnostics. 2023; 13(15):2603. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13152603
Chicago/Turabian StyleNienhaus, Alexandra, Rahavie Rajakulendran, and Elena Bernad. 2023. "Cutaneous Metastasis of Endometrial Cancer and Long-Term Survival: A Scoping Review and Our Experience" Diagnostics 13, no. 15: 2603. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13152603