Diagnostic Utility of pH-MII Monitoring in Preschool Children with Recurrent Wheeze and Suspected Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Prospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Bronchoscopy and Bronchoalveolar Lavage
2.3. Outcomes
2.4. Statistics
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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GERD (n = 46) | No GERD (n = 20) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years (median, range) | 5.1 (2.1–6) | 5.5 (2.3–6.1) | 0.214 |
Sex (female, %) | 11 (24%) | 11 (55%) | 0.014 |
Body weight for age Z score (median, range) | −0.7 (−3 to 2.7) | 0.08 (−2.3 to 1.6) | 0.345 |
Body height for age Z score (median, range) | 1.4 (−1.7 to 3.9) | 1.1 (−0.2 to 3.4) | 0.724 |
BMI for age Z score (median, range) | 0.58 (−0.9 to 3.5) | 0.56 (−1.5 to 2.5) | 0.212 |
GERD (n = 46) | No GERD (n = 20) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Number of reflux episodes on pH metry | 45 (1–144) | 19.5 (6–64) | 0.066 |
Reflux index | 1.3 (0.2–3.9) | 2.5 (0–24.5) | 0.225 |
Number of reflux episodes on MII | 125 (64–512) | 7.6 (22–195) | <0.001 |
Liquid reflux episodes | 19 (1–94) | 12 (0–31) | 0.017 |
Mixed reflux episodes | 34 (5–110) | 9.5 (1–31) | <0.001 |
Gas reflux episodes | 65 (4–468) | 44 (16–157) | 0.046 |
Acid reflux episodes on MII | 32 (1–38) | 10 (0–99) | 0.004 |
Weakly acidic reflux episodes on MII | 91 (32–453) | 57 (21–178) | 0.001 |
Non-acid reflux episodes on MII | 2 (0–143) | 2.5 (0–40) | 0.482 |
Proximal reflux episodes on MII | 43 (17–118) | 23.5 (0–55) | <0.001 |
Bolus clearance time | 9.2 (6.1–19.2) | 9.35 (6–15.9) | 0.908 |
GERD (n = 46) | No GERD (n = 20) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Number of wheezing episodes 6 months before pH-MII | 3 (2–6) | 3 (2–4) | 0.16 |
Number of wheezing episodes 12 months before pH-MII | 6 (4–14) | 5 (4–8) | 0.009 |
Number of wheezing episodes 6 months after pH-MII | 0 (0–2) | 1 (0–3) | 0.105 |
Number of wheezing episodes 12 months after pH-MII | 0 (0–4) | 1 (0–5) | 0.395 |
The difference in the number of episodes after vs. before pH-MII | 3 (1–4) | 2 (0–4) | 0.005 |
Percentage of reduction in wheezing episodes before vs. after pH-MII (%) | 100 (50–100) | 67 (0–100) | 0.038 |
GERD (n = 46) | No GERD (n = 20) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
AR therapy before pH-MII | 7 (15%) | 1 (5%) | 0.242 |
Symptomatic measures before pH-MII | 4 (9%) | 1 (5%) | 0.602 |
AR therapy after pH-MII | 43 (93%) | 6 (30%) | <0.001 |
PPI after pH-MII | 31 (67%) | 3 (15%) | <0.001 |
Alginate after pH-MII | 14 (30%) | 2 (10%) | 0.075 |
Symptomatic measures after pH-MII | 43 (93%) | 6 (30%) | <0.001 |
GERD (n = 28) | No GERD (n = 9) | p | |
---|---|---|---|
Number of cells/μL (median, range) | 108 (34–6055) | 146 (78–4056) | 0.475 |
Macrophage, % (median, range) | 91 (13–99) | 91 (37–96) | 0.931 |
Lipid-laden macrophages, % (median, range) | 12 (0–38) | 1 (0–24) | 0.144 |
Lymphocyte, % (median, range) | 3 (0–8) | 4 (2–6) | 0.062 |
Monocyte, % (median, range) | 1 (0–2) | 0 (0–2) | 0.821 |
Neutrophils, % (median, range) | 3 (0–82) | 3 (0–60) | 0.715 |
Eosinophils, % (median, range) | 0.5 (0–6) | 1 (0–2) | 0.566 |
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Pavić, I.; Šarkanji-Golub, R.; Hojsak, I. Diagnostic Utility of pH-MII Monitoring in Preschool Children with Recurrent Wheeze and Suspected Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Prospective Study. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 3567. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13233567
Pavić I, Šarkanji-Golub R, Hojsak I. Diagnostic Utility of pH-MII Monitoring in Preschool Children with Recurrent Wheeze and Suspected Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Prospective Study. Diagnostics. 2023; 13(23):3567. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13233567
Chicago/Turabian StylePavić, Ivan, Roberta Šarkanji-Golub, and Iva Hojsak. 2023. "Diagnostic Utility of pH-MII Monitoring in Preschool Children with Recurrent Wheeze and Suspected Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Prospective Study" Diagnostics 13, no. 23: 3567. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13233567