Line-Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography: A New Skin Imaging Technique Reproducing a “Virtual Biopsy” with Evolving Clinical Applications in Dermatology
Abstract
:1. Introduction
1.1. LC-OCT Technical Properties
1.2. LC-OCT Practical Properties
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Search Methods, Types of Studies, and Participants
2.2. Data Collection and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Melanocytic Lesions
3.2. Non-Melanocytic Lesions
3.3. Inflammatory Skin Diseases
3.4. Hair and Nails
3.5. Infectious Diseases
3.6. Pediatric Population
3.7. Genetic Diseases
3.8. Skin Vascular Lesions
3.9. Cosmetic Applications
3.10. Others
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Authors and Year of Publication | Disease | Number of Patients | |
---|---|---|---|
melanocytic lesions | Lenoir et al., 2021 [21] | dermal nevi | 7 |
Schuh et al., 2022 [23] | nevi and melanoma | 75 | |
Perez-Anker et al., 2022 [26] | morphological evaluation of melanocytic lesions | 12 | |
Verzi’ et al., 2023 [24] | lentigo maligna | 1 | |
Zeinaty et al., 2023 [28] | pigmented lesions of genital area | 9 | |
Wolswijk et al., 2023 [25] | nodular melanoma | 1 | |
Soglia et al., 2024 [27] | melanocytic skin tumours | ||
non- melanocytic lesions | Dubois et al., 2018 [16] | BCC | 86 |
Ruini et al., 2021 [29] | AK | 50 | |
Ruini et al., 2021 [30] | BCC | 52 | |
Ruini et al., 2021 [31] | keratinocyte skin cancers | 73 | |
Lenoir et al., 2021 [32] | AK | 16 | |
Lenoir et al., 2021 [33] | sebaceous hyperplasia | 12 | |
Verzì et al., 2021 [34] | monitoring of superficial BCC treated with imiquimod 5% cream | 12 | |
Lacarrubba et al., 2021 [35] | Xanthogranuloma | 1 | |
Cinotti et al., 2021 [36] | AK and SCC | 158 | |
Cappilli et al., 2021 [37] | BCC | 1 | |
Cappilli et al., 2022 [38] | fibroepithelioma of Pinkus | 5 | |
Gust et al., 2022 [39] | BCC | 154 | |
Cappilli et al., 2022 [40] | basosquamous carcinoma | 8 | |
Cinotti et al., 2022 [41] | keratinocyte skin cancers | 52 | |
Di Stefani et al., 2023 [42] | extramammary Paget disease | 1 | |
Di Stefani et al., 2023 [22] | eyelid skin lesions | 51 | |
Soglia et al., 2023 [43] | merkel cell carcinoma | 1 | |
Lenoir et al., 2023 [44] | seborrheic keratosis | 29 | |
Donelli et al., 2023 [45] | keratinocyte skin cancers | 360 | |
Lacarrubba et al., 2023 [46] | treatment monitoring of AK with tirbanibulin | 10 | |
Cinotti et al., 2023 [47] | BCC | 62 | |
Aktas et al., 2023 [48] | differential diagnosis of infiltrative BCC with scar-like lesion | 4 | |
Cortonesi et al., 2023 [49] | clear cell acanthoma | 7 | |
Maione et al., 2023 [50] | eccrine poroma | 1 | |
Verzì et al., 2023 [51] | BCC, SCC, nevi, seborrheic keratoses, pyogenic granuloma, trichilemmal cysts, hidrocystoma | 28 | |
Soglia et al., 2023 [52] | cutaneous mycosis fungoides | 10 | |
Jacobsen et al., 2024 [53] | surgical planning for recurrent infiltrative BCC | ||
Paradisi et al., 2024 [54] | preoperative evaluation of high-risk BCC | 60 | |
inflammatory and autoimmune skin diseases | Tognetti et al., 2021 [55] | autoimmune bullous diseases | 30 |
Verzì et al., 2022 [56] | psoriasis, eczema and lichen planus | 15 | |
Truong et al. 2023 [57] | scalp psoriasis | 1 | |
Orsini et al., 2024 [58] | psoriasis treatment monitoring | 17 | |
Falcinelli et al., 2024 [59] | sebo-psoriasis-like dermatosis reaction to ixekizumab | 1 | |
Russo et al., 2024 [60] | evaluation of Patch Test |
Authors and Year of Publication | Disease | Number of Patients | |
---|---|---|---|
hair and nails | Hobelsberger S et al., 2023 [70] | healthy nails and onychomycosis | 13 |
Kurzeja et al., 2023 [64] | lichen planopilaris | 6 | |
Eijkenboom et al., 2024 [71] | leukonychia, subungual haemorrhage, psoriasis, lichen planus, longitudinal melanonychia, subungual melanoma and onychomycosis | 16 | |
Eijkenboom et al., 2024 [69] | onychomycosis | 100 | |
Lacarrubba et al., 2024 [66] | Alopecia areata | 65 | |
Verzì et al., 2024 [67] | Alopecia areata | 10 | |
Kurzeja et al., 2024 [65] | folliculitis decalvans | 5 | |
Falcinelli et al., 2024 [68] | tinea capitis | 1 | |
skin infectious disorders | Ruini et al., 2020 [72] | scabies | 1 |
Ruini et al., 2021 [73] | scabies | 1 | |
Lacarrubba et al., 2021 [74] | herpes infection | 5 | |
Verzì et al., 2021 [75] | molluscum contagiosum | 6 | |
Cortonesi et al., 2022 [76] | cowpox virus skin infection | 1 | |
Cappilli et al., 2022 [77] | trombiculosis | 1 | |
Orsini et al., 2023 [78] | nodular scabies | 1 | |
Pathak et al., 2023 [79] | pityriasis rosea | 1 | |
Idoudi et al., 2024 [80] | scabies | 1 | |
Cinotti et al., 2024 [81] | genital warts, molluscum contagiosus, Fordyce’s spot, acquired lymphangiomas | 14 | |
pediatric conditions | Tognetti et al., 2021 [82] | lichenoid dermatoses | 10 |
C Gallay et al., 2022 [83] | pyogenic granuloma | 2 | |
Del Río-Sancho, 2023 [84] | healthy skin | 67 | |
Del Río-Sancho et al., 2023 [85] | agminated spitz nevus | 1 | |
Cappilli S. et al., 2023 [86] | melanocytic lesions, vascular lesions, scabies, viral warts, pyogenic granulomas, tinea corporis | 73 |
Authors and Year of Publication | Disease | Number of Patients | |
---|---|---|---|
skin vascular lesions | Tognetti et al., 2021 [93] | kaposi sarcoma | 1 |
Cappilli et al., 2023 [63] | cherry haemangiomas, angiokeratomas, pyogenic granulomas, venous lakes, targetoid haemosiderotic haemangiomas, kaposi sarcomas, extraungual glomus tumours | 50 | |
genetic diseases | Tognetti et al., 2020 [87] | circumscribed palmar hypokeratosis | 3 |
Bruzziches et al., 2022 [88] | generalized eruptive histiocytosis | 1 | |
Tognetti et al., 2022 [89] | Anderson–Fabry disease | 1 | |
Di Stefani et al., 2023 [91] | Hailey–Haiey disease | 1 | |
Verzì et al., 2023 [90] | Darier’s disease | 8 | |
Maione et al., 2024 [92] | Galli–Galli disease | 1 | |
cosmetic applications | Chauvel-Picard et al., 2022 [94] | in vivo quantification of healthy epidermis | 8 |
Pedrazzani et al., 2020 [95] | quantification of superficial dermis thickness | 36 | |
Breugnot et al., 2023 [96] | dermal matrix quality assessment | 57 | |
Bonnier et al., 2023 [97] | quantitative biomarkers of facial skin aging | 100 | |
Razi et al., 2022 [98] | effects of a chemical peel on post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation | 1 | |
Razi et al., 2024 [99] | early effects of diamond-tipped microdermabrasion | 8 | |
Razi et al., 2024 [100] | cutaneous effects of diode laser | 3 | |
Jdid et al., 2024 [101] | skin dark spot mapping and evaluation of brightening product efficacy | 26 | |
Razi et al., 2024 [102] | hydradermabrasion | 8 | |
Others | Tognetti et al., 2020 [103] | aquagenic keratoderma | 3 |
Tognetti et al., 2020 [104] | delayed Tattoo Reaction | 1 | |
Tognetti et al., 2021 [105] | aquagenic keratoderma | 1 | |
Tognetti et al., 2022 [106] | acquired digital fibrokeratoma | 1 | |
Tognetti et al., 2022 [107] | pustular skin disorders | 19 | |
Thamm et al., 2023 [108] | cutaneous sarcoidosis | 1 | |
Palmisano et al., 2024 [109] | solitary cutaneous focal mucinosis | 1 | |
Verzì et al., 2024 [110] | miliaria crystallina | 1 | |
Lamberti et al., 2024 [111] | lichen planus pigmentosus inversus | 1 | |
Falcinelli et al., 2024 [112] | bullous striae distensae | 1 | |
Castellano et al., 2024 [113] | graphite tattoo | 1 | |
Ariasi et al., 2024 [114] | tattoo-associated cutaneous lymphoid hyperplasia | 5 |
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Cappilli, S.; Paradisi, A.; Di Stefani, A.; Palmisano, G.; Pellegrino, L.; D’Onghia, M.; Ricci, C.; Tognetti, L.; Verzì, A.E.; Rubegni, P.; et al. Line-Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography: A New Skin Imaging Technique Reproducing a “Virtual Biopsy” with Evolving Clinical Applications in Dermatology. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 1821. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161821
Cappilli S, Paradisi A, Di Stefani A, Palmisano G, Pellegrino L, D’Onghia M, Ricci C, Tognetti L, Verzì AE, Rubegni P, et al. Line-Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography: A New Skin Imaging Technique Reproducing a “Virtual Biopsy” with Evolving Clinical Applications in Dermatology. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(16):1821. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161821
Chicago/Turabian StyleCappilli, Simone, Andrea Paradisi, Alessandro Di Stefani, Gerardo Palmisano, Luca Pellegrino, Martina D’Onghia, Costantino Ricci, Linda Tognetti, Anna Elisa Verzì, Pietro Rubegni, and et al. 2024. "Line-Field Confocal Optical Coherence Tomography: A New Skin Imaging Technique Reproducing a “Virtual Biopsy” with Evolving Clinical Applications in Dermatology" Diagnostics 14, no. 16: 1821. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14161821