Discrepancies between Coronary Artery Calcium Score and Coronary Artery Disease Severity in Computed Tomography Angiography Studies
Abstract
:Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
CAD | Coronary artery disease; |
CCTA | Coronary computed tomography angiography; |
CACS | Coronary artery calcium score; |
CAD-RADS | Coronary artery disease reporting and data system; |
AU | Agatston units; |
HU | Hounsfield units; |
LDL-C | Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol |
ICA | Invasive coronary angiography |
References
- Agatston, A.S.; Janowitz, W.R.; Hildner, F.J.; Zusmer, N.R.; Viamonte, M., Jr.; Detrano, R. Quantification of coronary artery calcium using ultrafast computed tomography. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1990, 15, 827–832. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- van der Bijl, N.; Joemai, R.M.S.; Geleijns, J.; Bax, J.J.; Schuijf, J.D.; de Roos, A.; Kroft, L.J.M. Assessment of Agatston coronary artery calcium score using contrast-enhanced CT coronary angiography. AJR Am. J. Roentgenol. 2010, 195, 1299–1305. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Gupta, A.; Bera, K.; Kikano, E.; Pierce, J.D.; Gan, J.; Rajdev, M.; Ciancibello, L.M.; Gupta, A.; Rajagopalan, S.; Gilkeson, R.C. Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring: Current Status and Future Directions. RadioGraphics 2022, 42, 947–967. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Neves, P.O.; Andrade, J.; Monção, H. Coronary artery calcium score: Current status. Radiol. Bras. 2017, 50, 182–189. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Poudel, I.; Tejpal, C.; Rashid, H.; Jahan, N. Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events: An Inevitable Outcome of ST-elevation myocardial infarction? A Literature Review. Cureus 2019, 11, e5280. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Winther, S.; Schmidt, S.E.; Mayrhofer, T.; Bøtker, H.E.; Hoffmann, U.; Douglas, P.S.; Wijns, W.; Bax, J.; Nissen, L.; Lynggaard, V.; et al. Incorporating Coronary Calcification Into Pre-Test Assessment of the Likelihood of Coronary Artery Disease. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2020, 76, 2421–2432.e9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mortensen, M.B.; Fuster, V.; Muntendam, P.; Mehran, R.; Baber, U.; Sartori, S.; Falk, E. Negative Risk Markers for Cardiovascular Events in the Elderly. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2019, 74, 1–11. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Blaha, M.J.; Cainzos-Achirica, M.; Greenland, P.; McEvoy, J.W.; Blankstein, R.; Budoff, M.J.; Dardari, Z.; Sibley, C.T.; Burke, G.L.; Nasir, K. Role of Coronary Artery Calcium Score of Zero and Other Negative Risk Markers for Cardiovascular Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Circulation 2016, 133, 849–858. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lo-Kioeng-Shioe, M.S.; Rijlaarsdam-Hermsen, D.; van Domburg, R.T.; Hadamitzky, M.; Lima, J.A.; Hoeks, S.E.; Deckers, J.W. Prognostic value of coronary artery calcium score in symptomatic individuals: A meta-analysis of 34,000 subjects. Int. J. Cardiol. 2020, 299, 56–62. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cury, R.C.; Leipsic, J.; Abbara, S.; Achenbach, S.; Berman, D.; Bittencourt, M.; Budoff, M.; Chinnaiyan, K.; Choi, A.D.; Ghoshhajra, B.; et al. CAD-RADS™: Coronary Artery Disease—Reporting and Data System. J. Am. Coll. Radiol. 2016, 13, 1458–1466.e9. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Cury, R.C.; Leipsic, J.; Abbara, S.; Achenbach, S.; Berman, D.; Bittencourt, M.; Budoff, M.; Chinnaiyan, K.; Choi, A.D.; Ghoshhajra, B.; et al. CAD-RADS™ 2.0—2022 Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System. J. Cardiovasc. Comput. Tomogr. 2022, 16, 536–557. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kumar, P.; Bhatia, M. Coronary Artery Disease Reporting and Data System: A Comprehensive Review. J. Cardiovasc. Imaging 2022, 30, 1–24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ahmadzadeh, K.; Dizaji, S.R.; Kiah, M.; Rashid, M.; Miri, R.; Yousefifard, M. The value of Coronary Artery Disease—Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) in Outcome Prediction of CAD Patients; a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Arch. Acad. Emerg. Med. 2023, 11, e45. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Boster, J.; Hull, R.; Williams, M.U.; Berger, J.; Sharp, A.; Fentanes, E.; Maroules, C.; Cury, R.; Thomas, D. Adoption of the Coronary Artery Disease-reporting and Data System: Reduced Downstream Testing and Cardiology Referral Rates in Patients with Non-obstructive Coronary Artery Disease. Cureus 2019, 11, e5708. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Nasir, K.; Cainzos-Achirica, M. Role of coronary artery calcium score in the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease. BMJ 2021, 373, n776. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mortensen, M.B.; Caínzos-Achirica, M.; Steffensen, F.H.; Bøtker, H.E.; Jensen, J.M.; Sand, N.P.R.; Maeng, M.; Bruun, J.M.; Blaha, M.J.; Sørensen, H.T.; et al. Association of Coronary Plaque With Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels and Rates of Cardiovascular Disease Events Among Symptomatic Adults. JAMA Netw. Open 2022, 5, e2148139. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Villines, T.C.; Hulten, E.A.; Shaw, L.J.; Goyal, M.; Dunning, A.; Achenbach, S.; Al-Mallah, M.; Berman, D.S.; Budoff, M.J.; Cademartiri, F.; et al. Prevalence and severity of coronary artery disease and adverse events among symptomatic patients with coronary artery calcification scores of zero undergoing coronary computed tomography angiography: Results from the CONFIRM (Coronary CT Angiography Evaluation for Clinical Outcomes: An International Multicenter) registry. J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2011, 58, 2533–2540. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Moriel, M.; Bogot, N.R.; Wolak, A.; Hadas, I.; Weisz, G. Extremely high Agatston calcium score without significant coronary artery stenoses. Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging 2015, 16, 346. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Blaha, M.J.; Budoff, M.J.; Tota-Maharaj, R.; Dardari, Z.A.; Wong, N.D.; Kronmal, R.A.; Eng, J.; Post, W.S.; Blumenthal, R.S.; Nasir, K. Improving the CAC Score by Addition of Regional Measures of Calcium Distribution. JACC Cardiovasc. Imaging 2016, 9, 1407–1416. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Gać, P.; Jaworski, A.; Parfianowicz, A.; Karwacki, J.; Wysocki, A.; Poręba, R. Discrepancies between Coronary Artery Calcium Score and Coronary Artery Disease Severity in Computed Tomography Angiography Studies. Diagnostics 2024, 14, 1928. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171928
Gać P, Jaworski A, Parfianowicz A, Karwacki J, Wysocki A, Poręba R. Discrepancies between Coronary Artery Calcium Score and Coronary Artery Disease Severity in Computed Tomography Angiography Studies. Diagnostics. 2024; 14(17):1928. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171928
Chicago/Turabian StyleGać, Paweł, Arkadiusz Jaworski, Agnieszka Parfianowicz, Jakub Karwacki, Andrzej Wysocki, and Rafał Poręba. 2024. "Discrepancies between Coronary Artery Calcium Score and Coronary Artery Disease Severity in Computed Tomography Angiography Studies" Diagnostics 14, no. 17: 1928. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14171928