Potential of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Cabbage Stem Flea Beetle Psylliodes chrysocephala
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Material and Methods
2.1. Insects and Plants
2.2. Entomopathogenic Nematodes
2.3. Mortality Bioassay
2.4. Compatibility between Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Adjuvants
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Mortality Bioassay
3.2. Compatibility between Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Adjuvants
4. Discussion
4.1. Mortality Bioassay
4.2. Compatibility between Entomopathogenic Nematodes and Adjuvants
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Product Name | Manufacturer | Nematode Species | Temperature Range |
---|---|---|---|
Nemasys® | BASF Agricultural Solutions, Littlehampton, UK | Steinernema feltiae (90%) | 10–30 °C |
Nemasys® C | Steinernema carpocapsae (87%) | 12–30 °C | |
Nemasys® L | Steinernema kraussei (88%) | 5–30 °C | |
Nemasys® H | Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (82%) | 12–30 °C |
Product Name | Manufacturer | Active Ingredients | Concentrations | Replicates |
---|---|---|---|---|
Flametect Nitro D | Eco-Sol Ltd., Barry, UK | Nitrogen-based solution (34% minimum), polymer-binder system (30%) | 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10% | 3 per concentrations |
Xanthan gum | Sigma-Aldrich, St Louis, MO, USA | Xanthan gum from Xanthomonas campestris | 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1% | 3 per concentration |
Glycerin | Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK | Glycerol ≥ 99% | 0.01, 0.1, 1 and 10% | 3 per concentration |
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Price, C.; Campbell, H.; Pope, T. Potential of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Cabbage Stem Flea Beetle Psylliodes chrysocephala. Insects 2023, 14, 665. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14070665
Price C, Campbell H, Pope T. Potential of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Cabbage Stem Flea Beetle Psylliodes chrysocephala. Insects. 2023; 14(7):665. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14070665
Chicago/Turabian StylePrice, Claire, Heather Campbell, and Tom Pope. 2023. "Potential of Entomopathogenic Nematodes to Control the Cabbage Stem Flea Beetle Psylliodes chrysocephala" Insects 14, no. 7: 665. https://doi.org/10.3390/insects14070665